Reviewing the Turkish state’s engagement with Kurdish question since 2015, I argue that while state tackled mainly through ethnopolitics, it now tackles geopolitics. Documenting recent by means of such new instruments as non-temporary control over non-Turkish territories populated or neighboured Kurds, replacing functions states Syria and Iraq on their (and Arab) territories, utilizing space po...

Kirkuk Governorate has been a focal point of significant tensions in Iraq since the 2003 US-led intervention. Substantial oil reserves, strained relations between Kirkuk’s Arab, Kurdish, Turkoman and Chaldo-Assyrian communities, and the broader power struggle between Arabs and Kurds over Kirkuk’s future status place Kirkuk at the intersection of larger interests both inside and outside of the c...

The destruction of land and forced migration during the Anfal attacks against the Kurds in Iraq in the late 1980s has been reported to have severe consequences for agricultural development. A reconstruction program to aid people in returning to their lands was launched in 1991. To assess the agricultural situation in the Duhok governorate during the pre-Anfal (A), post-Anfal (B), reconstruction...

Using reports from 154 examinations of alleged torture victims among asylum applicants to Denmark conducted by the Department of Forensic Medicine, University of Copenhagen, between 2001 and 2013, we have categorized the victims into four geographical regions, as well as according to the conflict that caused them to flee. The torture incidents described by the victims were divided into 12 diffe...

the human being attitudes, customs and their style of life are explained through their musical system design. so far the music is a part of the culture, therefore, to understand a culture one should also consider musical aspect of that culture. the human being attitudes, customs and their style of life are explained through their musical system design. so far the music is a part of the culture,...