Although the concept of solidarity sits at the center of many European health sector debates, the specific groups eligible for coverage, the financing arrangements, and the range of services and benefits that, together, compose the operational content of solidarity have all changed considerably over time. In prior economic periods, solidarity covered considerably fewer services or groups of the...

OBJECTIVE The study proposes "critical solidarity" as a value to be incorporated into the 21st century's bioethics agenda and as an instrument to guide people and associations in volunteer praxis. METHODS To explain how solidarity materializes itself, the motivations for engaging in volunteer activities in associations that integrate the corps of volunteers of the Instituto Nacional do Cancer...

In the first part of this paper taken-for-granted hypotheses in linguistic diversity are presented. In the second part the two constellations of globalized ideologies are described constituting paradigms that these hypotheses illustrate: competition and solidarity. In the third part, a condensed version of emerging globalized concerns is given. Sociolinguistics and anthropological linguistics a...

Insurance versus Savings for the Poor: Why One Should Offer Either Both or None This paper analyzes data from a novel field experiment designed to test the impact of two different insurance products and a secret saving device on solidarity in risk-sharing groups among rural villagers in the Philippines. Risk is simulated by a lottery. Risk-sharing is possible in solidarity groups of three and i...

In Sorani Kurdish, one of the most useful orthographic features in named-entity recognition – capitalization – is absent, as the language’s Perso-Arabic script does not make a distinction between uppercase and lowercase letters. We describe a system for deriving an inferred capitalization value from closely related languages by phonological similarity, and illustrate the system using several re...

Recently, we reported on our efforts to build the first prototype of KurdNet. In this proposal, we highlight the shortcomings of the current prototype and put forward a detailed plan to transform this prototype to a full-fledged lexical database for the Kurdish language.

For increased speed in developing gigaword language resources for medium resource density languages we integrated several FOSS tools in the HUN* toolkit. While the speed and efficiency of the resulting pipeline has surpassed our expectations, our experience in developing LDC-style resource packages for Uzbek and Kurdish makes clear that neither the data collection nor the subsequent processing ...

the existence of passive makers in kurdish language, similar to that of ancient iranian languages can be very helpful in linguistic studies, language change and finding the nature of passive structures in modern iranian languages such as persian. the writers of this article have found a passive maker in kurdish language and its dialects such as sorani, ardalani, kalhori, ilami and horami that l...

Tuberculosis is very probably the oldest human epidemic and the one that has inflicted the most harm in the history of the species. Recent studies have estimated tuberculosis to be about 3 million years old,1 and during much of that time this disease has been our greatest scourge. It is difficult to accept that tuberculosis has been causing harm for so many millions of years and that even today...