It is unknown if recent research defining the relatively frequent occurrence and pathophysiology of male osteoporosis has been conveyed to clinicians. To assess if physicians have incorporated such information, 5646 licensed Wisconsin physicians received a 1-page survey consisting of 14 statements regarding general knowledge, diagnosis, and treatment of osteoporosis in men. Twenty-six percent (...

Virtual environments provide a computer-synthesized world in which users can interact with objects, perform various activities, and navigate the environment as if they were in the real world (Sherman & Craig, 2002). Research in a variety of fields (i.e., software engineering, artificial intelligence, computer graphics, human computer interactions, electrical engineering, psychology, perceptual ...

Two general classes of multiple decision functions, where each member of the first class strongly controls the family-wise error rate (FWER), while each member of the second class strongly controls the false discovery rate (FDR), are described. These classes offer the possibility that optimal multiple decision functions with respect to a pre-specified Type II error criterion, such as the missed...

In phase II platform trials, 'many-to-one' comparisons are performed when K experimental treatments are compared with a common control to identify the most promising treatment(s) to be selected for Phase III trials. However, when sample sizes are limited, such as when the disease of interest is rare, only a single Phase II/III trial addressing both treatment selection and confirmatory efficacy ...

Gene expression microarrays have been the vanguard of new analytic approaches in high-dimensional biology. Draft sequences of several genomes coupled with new technologies allow study of the influences and responses of entire genomes rather than isolated genes. This has opened a new realm of highly dimensional biology where questions involve multiplicity at unprecedented scales: thousands of ge...

We prove a version of the Ray-Chaudhuri–Wilson and Frankl–Wilson theorems for k-wise intersections and also generalize a classical code-theoretic result of Delsarte for k-wise Hamming distances. A set of code-words a; a; . . . ; ak of length n have k-wise Hamming-distance ‘; if there are exactly ‘ such coordinates, where not all of their coordinates coincide (alternatively, exactly n ‘ of their...

We prove a version of the Ray-Chaudhuri{Wilson and Frankl-Wilson theorems for kwise intersections and also generalize a classical code-theoretic result of Delsarte for k-wise Hamming distances. A set of code-words a1; a2; : : : ; ak of length n have k-wise Hamming-distance `, if there are exactly ` such coordinates, where not all of their coordinates coincide (alternatively, exactly n ` of thei...

BACKGROUND The multi-arm multi-stage (MAMS) design described by Royston et al. [Stat Med. 2003;22(14):2239-56 and Trials. 2011;12:81] can accelerate treatment evaluation by comparing multiple treatments with a control in a single trial and stopping recruitment to arms not showing sufficient promise during the course of the study. To increase efficiency further, interim assessments can be based ...