Gastrointestinal absorption and disposition of ketones is complex. Recent work describing the pharmacokinetics (PK) of d-β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) following oral ingestion of a ketone monoester ((R)-3-hydroxybutyl (R)-3-hydroxybutyrate) found multiple input sites, nonlinear disposition and feedback on endogenous production. In the current work, a human systems pharmacology model for gastrointesti...

An understanding of the fluid and electrolyte transport properties of any epithelium requires knowledge of the direction, rate, and regulation of fluid transport and the composition of the fluid. Although human airway epithelial likely play a key role in controlling the quantity and composition of the respiratory tract fluid, evidence for such a role is not available. To obtain such knowledge, ...

We examine under what conditions cavity ring-down spectroscopy ~CRDS! can be used for quantitative diagnostics of molecular species. We show that CRDS is appropriate for diagnostics of species whose absorption features are wider than the spacing between longitudinal modes of the optical cavity. For these species, the absorption coefficient can be measured by CRDS without a knowledge of the puls...

The collisions between two oxygen molecules give rise to O4 absorption in the Earth atmosphere. O4 absorption is relevant to atmospheric transmission and Earth's radiation budget. O4 is further used as a reference gas in Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (DOAS) applications to infer properties of clouds and aerosols. The O4 absorption cross section spectrum of bands centered at 343, ...

This review apprises the reader of recent advances in cobalamin absorption and transport since 1970. This field has been of interest to gastroenterologists, hematologists, and biochemists as well as nutritionists. Clinical conditions leading to cobalamin deficiency present especially to the first two of these specialties. Many recent advances involve biochemical definition of the specific trans...

To identify the composition of interstellar dust grains by their absorption spectra requires accurate knowledge of their optical properties. The presence of inclusions or voids within grains can alter their refractive indices. Here, we examine the suitability of applying the Maxwell-Garnett mixing theory to highly porous grains. It is found that the effective refractive index obtained for heter...

The optical bistability of an aerosol particle is reported for the first time to the authors' knowledge. The mechanism for the effect is associated with the photothermal evaporation that accompanies the visible absorption by structure resonances.

I present the current state of knowledge about narrow ( < ∼ 500 km s) ultraviolet absorption that is intrinsic to QSOs. I consider interpretations in the context of the accretion-disk/wind scenario of QSOs.

Monoclinic-scheelite BiVO4 has been widely studied as a promising oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalyst in artificial photosynthesis. Though significant progress to improve or augment its catalysis performance has been made, fundamental understanding of its relatively poor performance as a bare material is lacking. In this paper, we report the correlation of the surface structure and trap st...