Is the NaCl signal perceived as a small increase in the concentration of NaCl in extracellular fluid? We used 8 g NaCl/100 g soluble nutrients and fed only a hypertonic (1.4% NaCl) or a hypotonic (0.45% NaCl) drink to Dahl salt-sensitive (DS) rats. After 12 weeks, 11 rats receiving the hypertonic drink had a mean blood pressure of 195 mm Hg versus 195 mm Hg in 12 rats receiving the hypotonic dr...

This study reported field outbreaks of bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) infection, either alone or mixed with bovine herpesvirus-1 (BHV-1) and/or parainfluenza-3 virus (PI-3V) in Egypt during 2000. In Lower Egypt, young calves in three cattle herds in El-Minufiya Province, El-Fayoum Province and in governmental quarantine in El-Behira Province, showed symptoms of enteritis, either alone or a...

Simulation of the dynamics of beams in particle accelerators is an important tool in the design of new particle accelerators; detailed study and optimization of existing machines; Model based Accelerator Control. In recent years, with new structures and new methods of acceleration being considered, and with the growing importance of high current accelerators, namely machines in which non linear...

244 words out of 250) 31 The stomach-derived “hunger hormone” ghrelin increases in circulation in direct response to 32 time since the last meal, increasing preprandially and falling immediately following food 33 consumption. We found previously that peripheral injection of ghrelin potently stimulates food 34 foraging (FF), food hoarding (FH) and food intake (FI) in Siberian hamsters. It remain...

Oxytocin (OT) administration elicits weight loss in diet-induced obese (DIO) rodents, nonhuman primates, and humans by reducing energy intake and increasing energy expenditure. Although the neurocircuitry underlying these effects remains uncertain, OT neurons in the paraventricular nucleus are positioned to control both energy intake and sympathetic nervous system outflow to interscapular brown...

A 3-D CFD model based on KIVA 3 code is developed with a “reduced” detailed chemical kinetics of 291 elementary reaction steps with 79 chemical species for diesel fuel combustion. The model was validated by the corresponding experimental results and employed to examine some important parameters which have significant effects on the engine performance for an IDI diesel engine with a swirl chambe...

The objective of this work is related to the problem of mixture preparation in a carburator of a small 1 cylinder 2 stroke engine. A enhanced KIVA3v code has been modified in order to get a geometrically simplified but relatively fast and reliable numerical diagnostics tool. Emphasis was placed on idle speed investigation with an unsteady outflow boundary condition. Mixture formation for closed...

OBJECTIVE To clarify the mechanism of the suppressive effect of 2-buten-4-olide (2-B4O), an endogenous feeding suppressant, on the pulsatile secretion of luteinizing hormone (LH), by studying whether endogenous opioid peptides are involved in this suppressive effect. METHODS Using ovariectomized (ovx) rats, blood samples were taken every 6 min for 2 h after administration of 2-B4O or saline i...