As observed in recent centuries, the contemporary variety of kinship systems reflects millennia human migration, cultural inheritance, adaptation, and diversification. This review describes key developments prehistoric kinship, from matricentric hominin evolution to Neolithic transition agriculture heterogeneous resilience matriliny. Starting with our ancestors, evolved among a cooperative bree...

Introduction This is an article about kinship, and more particularly the meaning of kinship, an issue that has characterized practically the whole history of anthropology from Lewis Henry Morgan’s pioneering studies, including the influential dismissals of kinship as a universal category by both Rodney Needham and David Schneider in the mid-twentieth century and the prominence given to Janet Ca...

Motivation Rapid and low cost sequencing of genomes enabled widespread use of genomic data in research studies and personalized customer applications, where genomic data is shared in public databases. Although the identities of the participants are anonymized in these databases, sensitive information about individuals can still be inferred. One such information is kinship. Results We define t...

In order to navigate the social world, children need to understand and make predictions about how people will interact with one another. Throughout most of human history, social groups have been prominently marked by kinship relations, but few experiments have examined children's knowledge of and reasoning about kinship relations. In the current studies, we investigated how 3- to 5-year-old chi...

We developed a new approach for pairwise kinship analysis in forensic genetics based on chromosomal sharing between two individuals. Here, we defined "index of chromosome sharing" (ICS) calculated using 174,254 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) loci typed by SNP microarray and genetic length of the shared segments from the genotypes of two individuals. To investigate the expected ICS distrib...

The Kinship Face in the Wild data sets, recently published in TPAMI, are currently used as a benchmark for the evaluation of kinship verification algorithms. We recommend that these data sets are no longer used in kinship verification research unless there is a compelling reason that takes into account the nature of the images. We note that most of the image kinship pairs are cropped from the s...

Three different approaches were used to assess the kinship structure of two epiphytic bryophytes, Orthotrichum speciosum and O. obtusifolium, that have different dispersal strategies. The two species were sampled in a 200 ha landscape where species occurrence and host trees had been mapped previously. Local environmental conditions at sampled trees were recorded and kinship between individuals ...

10 Maloney and Dal Martello (2006) reported that similarity ratings of pairs of related and unrelated children were almost perfect predictors of the probability that those children were labeled as being siblings by a second group of observers. Surprisingly, similarity ratings were not good predictors of whether a sibling pair was same-sex or opposite-sex or how close a pair was in age, suggesti...