the aim of the present study was to determine the levels of cadmium in the muscle, liver and kidney of cattle from isfahan and to compare the results with those reported by other countries and with the maximum acceptable levels for human consumption. samples of muscle, liver and kidney from 60 animals aged 1–10- year-old were collected from the carcasses slaughtered at isfahan abattoir. samples...

heart failure is common in patients with chronic renal disease, either as a complication of renal failure or from shared risk factors, or is the major cause of death in patients on dialysis. at present, end stage renal disease (esrd) patients who have systolic heart failure are considered high-risk for surgery; and nephrologists and cardiologists are reluctant to refer these patients for kidney...

background beta-2 microglobulin (b2m) is considered as a surrogate marker for middle molecule uremic toxins and a key component in dialysis-related amyloidosis. however, few studies have evaluated role of b2m in patients with chronic kidney disease (ckd). objectives the purpose of this study was to evaluate the association of plasma b2m level with some metabolic and cardiac performance factors ...

background multiple renal arteries in kidney grafts have been associated with an increased rate of vascular and urologic complications. our objective is to compare the outcome of transplanted patients who receive a single pedicle kidney with those who receive a multiple arterial graft. objectives to find our the differences in the outcome and complications in patients undergoing kidney transpla...

background: early detection of renal diseases in children can be beneficial for prevention, delaying disease progression, reduction of the number of patients with progressive renal failure. the most common metabolic disorders predisposing renal calculus in children are: hypercalciuria, hyperuricosuria, hyperoxaluria, renal tubular acidosis, and hypocitraturia. objectives: in this research, we s...

rectus sheath hematoma usually occurs unilateral but rare cases of bilateral hematoma have been reported. herein we report the first case of spontaneous bilateral rectus sheath hematoma in the kidney transplanted patient.

background retrograde intra-renal surgery (rirs) has been used to remove stones of less than 2 cm in the kidney. however, its role is not well defined. objectives the objective of this study was to evaluate the outcomes and safety of rirs, used either as a primary or secondary procedure, and to analyze factors predicting the stonefree rate (sfr). patients and methods a retrospective analysis wa...