Sixteen captive female red deer were successfully anesthetized to surgically implant a telemetry system. The deer were immobilized with (mean±SD) 1.79±0.29 mg/kg xylazine and 1.79±0.29 mg/kg tiletamine/zolazepam given intramuscularly with a dart gun. Anesthesia was maintained for 69±2 min using a total intravenous protocol with a catheter placed in the jugular vein. Group X received xylazine (0...

BACKGROUND This study investigated the antinociceptive effects of a constant rate infusion (CRI) of lidocaine during xylazine and ketamine anesthesia in horses and aimed to correlate these effects with cardiorespiratory variables, bispectral index (BIS) and plasma lidocaine concentrations. Six adult crossbred mares weighing 320-400 kg were anesthetized on three different occasions. Sedation was...

Telazol–xylazine and ketamine–xylazine are versatile and safe drug combinations that are used frequently for chemical immobilization of cervids. Although neither combination consistently offers rapid induction and recovery, we hypothesized that a combination of Telazol, ketamine, and xylazine (TKX) would provide a safe and effective alternative for immobilization of white-tailed deer (Odocoileu...

The autonomic nervous system plays an important role in rat anaphylactic hypotension. It is well known that sympathetic nerve activity and cardiovascular function are affected by anesthetics. However, the effects of different types of anesthesia on the efferent renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA) during anaphylactic hypotension remain unknown. Therefore, we determined the renal sympathetic ...

The objective of this study was to compare 3 total intravenous anesthetic infusion combinations in adult horses for cardiopulmonary changes, muscle relaxation, duration of recumbency, and quality of recovery. This was a prospective, randomized, crossover, experimental study. Six healthy, adult, mixed-breed horses weighing 460 ± 30 kg were used. The 3 total intravenous anesthetic combinations us...

Nine aardvarks (Orycteropus afer) were captured in the southern Free State, South Africa, for the placement of abdominal radio transmitters. Five combinations of ketamine hydrochloride with xylazine hydrochloride, midazolam or medetomidine hydrochloride were used to induce anaesthesia. In some cases the level of anaesthesia was maintained with 1.5% halothane. A mixture of ketamine hydrochloride...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the influence of premedication with tramadol on xylazine-ketamine anaesthesia in young pigs. STUDY DESIGN Prospective, randomized, blinded cross-over study. ANIMALS Ten young Niger hybrid pigs: mean weight 6.1 +/- 0.6 kg. METHODS Pigs were anaesthetized twice. Xylazine (2.5 mg kg(-1)), ketamine (25 mg kg(-1)) and atropine (0.04 mg kg(-1)) were administered by intramu...

This research was conducted to analyze the analgesic effects of bupivacaine, ketamine and bupivacaine–ketamine combination on bitches undergoing ovariohysterectomy, determine a suitable regional anaesthesia. Fifteen (15) apparently healthy bitches, aged 8-12 months weighing 10 – 15kg were procured within around Zaria, Kaduna State for this experiment. The animals grouped into three (3), A, B C,...

Editor’s key points † Previous work in animals suggested that certain anaesthetic drugs affect the accuracy of the LiDCO cardiac output monitor. † In this laboratory study, a2 agonists, ketamine, lidocaine, and rocuronium all produced a bias of .10% in the LiDCO voltage sensor. † These might potentially cause inaccuracies when using the LiDCO device. † Further work is needed to confirm these fi...

The main objective of this study was to compare the physiological changes (withdrawal and corneal reflexes, respiratory and cardiac frequency, blood oxygen saturation, and rectal temperature) following intraperitoneal administration of ketamine (80 mg/kg) and xylazine (10 mg/kg) to 3-, 6-, 12- and 18-month-old male Sprague Dawley rats (n=6/age group). Plasma pharmacokinetics, liver metabolism, ...