C = network connectivity C = total journey cost D = matrix of maximum communication range between nodes (Rn×n) E = set of edges in G EG = subset of edges in G G = graph containing all nodes and edges G = evolving graph H = number of hops in a journey J = set of feasible journeys J = journey between nodes J = highest-value journey M = total number of edges in G m = number of edges in G N = total...

In a problem where a human uses supervisory control to manage robot path-planning, there are times when human does the path planning, and if satisfied commits those paths to be executed by the robot, and the robot executes that plan. In planning a path, the robot often uses an optimization algorithm that maximizes or minimizes an objective. When a human is assigned the task of path planning for...

As the world recognises need to adapt unavoidable climate change, diverse adaptation planning and risk assessment guides have emerged, with legitimate intent of providing context- or sector-specific guidance. Despite this, seems challenged move action, users often report being overwhelmed confused. New seem continually re-invent details cycle implementation, whereas it may be better focus more ...

Comparisons were made of the behaviour, physiology and meat quality of 24-week-old male veal calves (mean live weight 234 kg) that were slaughtered either at the veal unit (the control group) or following 3 h transportation at space allowances of either 0.7 or 0.95 m calf 1 and 1.5 h of lairage. Compared with nontransported calves, transported calves had a greater heart rate during the journey ...

Aim. We presented the case of a child with central hypoventilation syndrome (CHS) to highlight issues that need to be considered in planning long-haul flight and problems that may arise during the flight. Case. The pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) received a child with central hypoventilation syndrome (Ondine's curse) on nocturnal ventilatory support who travelled to Hong Kong on a make-a-w...

The Five Ds of the built environment – density, land use diversity, pedestrian oriented design, destination accessibility and distance to transit – are suggested by Ewing and Cervero (2010) as the built environment factors that can reduce car use in favour of public transport, walking and cycling. This paper examines the strength of these effects by analysing whether built environment factors c...

Objectives Traditionally, teaching is part of a clinician's job. Some practitioners recognize the teaching activity as rewarding. This study explored the ways clinical practitioners experience their journey from clinicians to medical teachers, analyzing their prior experiences of teaching and learning, conceptions of good teaching and learning, perceptions of learning environments, and finally,...

A student’s view of higher education is often talked about as ‘transformative’ and as a ‘journey’ or ‘pathway’. The student experience of university is time-bound, covering a clearly specified duration. From a learner’s perspective the Higher Education (HE) journey begins at induction and ends at graduation. Through discrete and highly personal steps students move from one state, fresher, to an...