Whenever the legs are lowered in humans, a venoarteriolar reflex is activated by the hydrostatic distension of the venules. Through local axon reflexes, the adjacent arterioles are contracted to decrease blood flow and prevent formation of edema. Because the venoarteriolar reflex is activated by gravity, we tested the hypothesis that long-term weightlessness would attenuate it. The reduction in...

Introduction: The relation between morphine and nitric oxide release has been shown. Due to important role of nitric oxide in regulation of skin blood flow, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of nitric oxide synthase inhibitor (L-NAME) and nitric oxide synthesis precursor (L-arginine) on skin blood flow of intact and morphine-dependent rats. Methods: Skin blood flow of hind pa...

background: there is little information about blood supply of the carpal joint in one- humped camel, while there is extensive data about cow and equine species. in order to perform surgeries and diagnostic techniques in carpal region, information about the elements of the joint such as its arteries is necessary. objectives: this study aims at describing the origins, arrangements, and branches o...

objective(s): nucleus raphe magnus (nrm) that is involved in the regulation of body temperature contains nitric oxide (no) synthase. considering the effect of no on skin blood flow control, in this study, we assessed its thermoregulatory role within the raphe magnus. materials and methods: to this end, tail blood flow of male wistar rats was measured by laser doppler following the induction of ...

We describe a novel optical system for bidirectional color Doppler imaging of flow in biological tissues with micrometer-scale resolution and demonstrate its use for in vivo imaging of blood flow in an animal model. Our technique, color Doppler optical coherence tomography (CDOCT), performs spatially localized optical Doppler velocimetry by use of scanning low-coherence interferometry. CDOCT is...

CD25+CD4+ regulatory T cells participate in the regulation of immune responses. We recently demonstrated the presence of CD25brightCD4+ regulatory T cells with a capacity to control T cell proliferation in the joints of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Here, we investigate a possible accumulation of these regulatory T cells in the inflamed joint of different rheumatic diseases including rheu...

Dissimilar joint with good quality and mechanical properties is one of the major problems the industries. One of the most commonly used methods to solve this problem is friction stir welding process. In this paper two different tool pin with simple cylindrical and screwed profile were used to finding optimization of friction stir welding parameters to reach best mixing flow, composite structure...

Objective. Four days of blood exposure leads to irreversible cartilage damage in vitro. In contrast, intermittent intra-articular blood injections twice a week during 4 weeks (mimicking micro-bleeds) in a canine model resulted in transient damage only. In this study, it was evaluated whether acute joint bleeds are more harmful than micro-bleeds in a canine model of knee arthropathy. Design. Sev...