The impacts of waste transcend landfills and litter; emissions pollution occur at every stage the linear ‘take–make–waste’ economy. Zero circular economy theories offer systemic perspectives practical solutions. New Zealand government has committed to a vision for Aotearoa. Given Zealand’s ‘rubbish record on waste’, social economic transformation required will take extraordinary collaboration c...

in the war between ottomans and safavids dynasty, two thirds of kurdistan area was separated from iran, and joined the ottoman territories. the ottoman empire was defeated in world war i and kurdistan was divided among turkey, iraq, syria, and a small part joined the soviet russia, i.e. armenia, azerbaijan, and georgia. concerning the kurdish governments which were established in iran being led...

Abstract During the war with Islamic State in northern Iraq (2014–17), a notable number of Kurdish women joined Peshmerga (Iraqi-Kurdish fighters), military forces Regional Government (KRG) an effort to prevent State’s advance into oil-rich city Kirkuk. Besides causing international resonance, presence fighters was publicized by KRG as sign modernity and gender equality. However, once ended, pe...

Antitobacco groups have joined millions of other commercial or noncommercial entities in developing a presence on the Web. These groups primarily represent the following different sponsorship categories: grassroots, medical, government, and corporate. To obtain a better understanding of the strengths and weaknesses in the message design of antitobacco Web sites, this project analyzed 100 antito...

Cooperation in the cerebellum y crossing knockout mice deficient for two cell adhesion molecules, Sakurai et al. have obtained the first genetic evidence for the molecules' functional overlap, and have explained why earlier tissue culture results were not replicated in single knockout mice (page 1259). Sakurai and colleagues started by engineering mice deficient for NrCAM, which had only mild (...

He joined Armed Forces Medical Service during the Second World War and then underwent training in orthopedics in the United Kingdom where he completed FRCS and MCh (Orth) in Liverpool with ease. On return, he became an orthopedic surgeon in Stanley Medical College and Hospital and a visiting surgeon in Government Tuberculosis Sanatorium for few years. His contributions for the Medical Education...

T heory suggests that Japanese politicians have weaker incentives than U.S. politicians to keep lower court judges independent. Accordingly, we hypothesize that Japanese lower court judges who defer on sensitive political questions will do better in their careers. To test this, we assemble several new data sets and measure the quality of the assignments received by about 400 judges after decidi...

The coalition government has set out plans to dismantle the regional tier and return powers to localities and Whitehall departments. These changes will have significant implications for the way in which transport policy is formulated and delivered in England. When in power, New Labour introduced a range of measures to strengthen governance arrangements for promoting a more joined-up and decentr...