Background The purpose of this meta-analysis was to compare the outcomes of external fixation and flexible intramedullary nails for femoral fractures in children between 5 and 15 years of age based on the current evidence. Materials and methods We searched relevent studies in the following database: Cochrane library, PubMed and EMABASE up to May 2014. All randomized controlled trials, Clinica...

Open reduction and internal fixation with Kirschner (K) wires has been reported as an efficient and convenient technique for pediatric lateral condyle distal humeral fractures. However, no single study has been large enough to definitively determine whether the K-wires should be buried or unburied. Therefore, we performed a meta-analysis pooling the results from several clinical trials to compa...

COMPARATIVE ASSESSMENT OF NITROGEN FIXATION 1 METHODOLOGIES CONDUCTED IN THE OLIGOTROPHIC NORTH 2 PACIFIC OCEAN 3 4 Samuel T. Wilson, Daniela Böttjer, Matthew J. Church, and David M. Karl 5 6 1 Department of Oceanography, School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, 7 University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822 8 2 Center for Microbial Oceanography: Research and Education, University of H...

A review of all patients with treated mandibular angle fractures at a district general hospital, over a two year period, was undertaken. Forty one consecutive patients with 43 mandibular angle fractures were identified. Thirty eight fractures were treated by open reduction and internal fixation with miniplates and 5 by intermaxillary fixation (IMF). Fractures treated with miniplates were reduce...

Treatment of maxillofacial fractures may require maxillomandibular fixation (MMF) as an important step in the treatment modality. Interdental eyelet wiring (Ivy loop method) is one of the commonly used methods. This method has the disadvantage that associated dentoalveolar fractures and subluxated teeth were not addressed. Also, this method lack horizontal bracing across the fracture site, as p...

Effective treatment of periprosthetic fractures following TKA continues to represent a surgical challenge. The incidence and frequency of these complicated type of fractures is expected to increase as the number of TKA as well as the activity level of these patients steadily rises. A careful and correct analysis of the fracture pattern, its classification, the quality of the existing bone stock...

Surface litter from a natural and a sewage-enriched cypress dome in north-central Florida showed a pronounced seasonal pattern of nitrogenase (acetylene reduction) activity associated with seasonal leaf fall from deciduous trees in the domes. Samples of peat from cores indicated negligible nitrogenase activity below the surface layer. Integrating the monthly rates of nitrogen fixation (based on...

We report the outcome of 161 of 257 surgically fixed acetabular fractures. The operations were undertaken between 1989 and 1998 and the patients were followed for a minimum of ten years. Anthropometric data, fracture pattern, time to surgery, associated injuries, surgical approach, complications and outcome were recorded. Modified Merle D'Aubigné score and Matta radiological scoring systems wer...

Microbial nitrogen fixation (diazotrophy) is a functional trait widely associated with tropical reef-building (scleractinian) corals. While the integral role of nitrogen fixation in coral nutrient dynamics is recognized, its ecological significance across different coral functional groups remains yet to be evaluated. Here we set out to compare molecular and physiological patterns of diazotrophy...

In situ nitrogen fixation was investigated in a cyanobacterial mat growing on the bed of rocks of the Muga River, Spain. The filamentous non-heterocystous cyanobacterium Schizothrix dominated the mat, showing nitrogenase activity in the light at similar rates to those found in nearby heterocystous Rivularia colonies. N2 fixation in the light was significantly increased by an inhibitor of PSII a...