During the last 30 years, there has been a continued increase in human cases of tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) in Europe, a disease caused by tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV). TBEV is endemic in an area ranging from northern China and Japan, through far-eastern Russia to Europe, and is maintained in cycles involving Ixodid ticks (Ixodes ricinus and Ixodes persulcatus) and wild vertebrate hos...

A total of 87 Thoroughbred horses and 10 ixodid ticks from a ranch in Hidaka district, Hokkaido were tested for tick-borne diseases. Using the indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA) method, 3.4, 92.0 and 97.7% of the horses showed antibody titers of ≥ 80 against Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Rickettsia helvetica, and Borrelia garinii, respectively. This is the first report of infection with the 3 pat...

Sixteen species of ixodid ticks were collected over varying periods of time from 6 species of ground-frequenting birds and 15 species of small and large mammals in the Mountain Zebra National Park, Karoo, Cape Province. Margaropus winthemi followed by Rhipicephalus glabroscutatum and Rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi were the most abundant species. The host preferences of 14 tick species and the se...

INTRODUCTION HisTORICAL REVIEW OF THE KNOWN RIcKETTSIAE MATERIALS AND TECHNIQUE Criteria for Distinguishing Rickettsiae from Cell Granules, etc. OBSERVATIONS ON VARIOUs RICKETTSIAE Rickettsia medophagi in the Sheep-Ked, Melophagus ovinus Rickettsia in the Mosquito, Culex pipiens Rickettsia in the Sand-Fly, Culicoides sanguisuga Rickettsiae in Tabanidae Rickettsia lectularia in the Bedbug, Cimex...

Pathogenic spirochetes in the genus Borrelia are transmitted primarily by two families of ticks. The Lyme disease spirochete, Borrelia burgdorferi, is transmitted by the slow-feeding ixodid tick Ixodes scapularis, whereas the relapsing fever spirochete, B. hermsii, is transmitted by Ornithodoros hermsi, a fast-feeding argasid tick. Lyme disease spirochetes are generally restricted to the midgut...

One bushbuck, Tragelaphus scriptus, and 1 common duiker, Sylvicapra grimmia, were shot each month from May 1983 to May 1984 in the Weza State Forest, Natal, i.e. a total of 13 animals of each species. The bushbuck were infested with 8 ixodid tick species, 2 louse species and a louse-fly species. The common duiker harboured 7 tick species and 2 louse species. Ticks of the genus Ixodes were the m...

ticks are considered to be the main vectors for transmission of various diseases to animals and human. the present faunistic study aimed to determine species belonging to Ixodidae ticks, infesting cattle of Khoozestan province, south-west of Iran. Totally 1000 ticks were collected randomly from cattle from 9 locations in five geographical regions between January to September 2011, and were iden...

Control of West Nile virus (WNV) can only be effective if the vectors and reservoirs of the virus are identified and controlled. Although mosquitoes are the primary vectors, WNV has repeatedly been isolated from ticks. Therefore, tick-borne transmission studies were performed with an ixodid (Ixodes ricinus) and an argasid tick species (Ornithodoros moubata). Both species became infected after f...

Earlier research on the parasites of wild animals in South Africa is reviewed and the findings of more recent research discussed. The life cycles of various gasterophilid and oestrid fly species are described and the seasonal abundance of their larvae in their zebra and antelope hosts is considered. The seasonal abundance of fleas, lice and ixodid ticks on their hosts is given and the role play...

background : this comprehensive study was conducted on multi-purpose one-humped camel ( camelus dromedarius ) sera and ticks to assess the epidemiological aspects of the crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus (cchfv) in northeast iran. methods : from may 2012 to january 2013, eleven cities were randomly selected in the khorasan provinces of iran as “clusters,” and at least 14 one-humped camels w...