abstract variation of climatic elements could be estimated by standard deviation, coefficients of variation and so on. in iranian climatological literature, variations of climatic elements have main attention during last decades. meanwhile worldwide climatologist desired to study the characteristics of variations as well as the distribution of frequency average of these elements. in this paper,...

A new data-aided frequency estimator for frequencyselective fading channels is introduced. The proposed estimator is developed based on a least squares (LS) error criterion and can estimate frequency offsets without the need for channel information. Statistical analysis indicates that the resulting estimate is unbiased and tends to approach the Cramér–Rao lower bound (CRLB). Simulation shows th...

We define a metric, mutual information in frequency (MI-in-frequency), to detect and quantify the statistical dependence between different frequency components in the data, referred to as cross-frequency coupling and apply it to electrophysiological recordings from the brain to infer crossfrequency coupling. The current metrics used to quantify the cross-frequency coupling in neuroscience canno...

the modulation response, relative intensity noise and frequency noise characteristics of qd lasers are investigated theoretically, in presence of an additional optical pumping. it is revealed that the modulation response of qd laser enhances under additional optical beam. by small signal analysis of the carriers' and photons' rates, it is proposed that by injecting excess carriers to ...