BACKGROUND To inform efforts to prevent antituberculosis drug resistance acquired during treatment, particularly multidrug-resistant (MDR) tuberculosis, we analyzed surveillance records from the US state with the highest morbidity. METHODS Surveillance data from the California tuberculosis registry of cases reported between 1994 and 2006 were examined retrospectively. Crude risks of acquired ...

background: resistance to anti-tuberculosis (tb) drugs is a global problem. previous studies showed that the prevalence of primary mdr-tb is higher and has been increasing. the purpose of this study was to determine the primary drug resistance in strains isolated from patients with smear-positive of the new cases to anti-tb drugs. methods: in this cross-sectional study, 266 smear positive pulmo...

Background We estimated the incidence of acquired isoniazid and rifampicin resistance in rifampicin-susceptible tuberculosis in a setting of high human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection and tuberculosis coprevalence. Methods GeneXpert MTB/RIF-confirmed patients with rifampicin-susceptible tuberculosis were recruited at antituberculosis treatment initiation in Khayelitsha, South ...

Mycobacterium tuberculosis KatG catalyzes the activation of the antitubercular agent isoniazid to yield an inhibitor targeting enoyl reductase (InhA). However, no firm biochemical link between many KatG variants and isoniazid resistance has been established. In the present study, six distinct KatG variants identified in clinical Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates resistant to isoniazid were ge...

Correct and rapid diagnosis is essential in the management of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB). In this population-based study of 61 patients with drug-resistant tuberculosis, we evaluated the frequency of mutations and compared the performance of genotypic (mutation analysis by dot blot hybridization) and phenotypic (indirect proportion method) drug resistance tests. Three selected co...

A random sample survey of initial drug resistance among cases of tuberculosis in Latin America was carried out during the second half of the 1980s and the early 1990s. A total of 948 cultures of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolated from patients presumed never before to have been treated for tuberculosis were collected from 30 randomly selected clusters in Latin America and tested for resistance...

BACKGROUND Tuberculosis (TB) incidence and mortality are declining worldwide; however, poor detection of drug-resistant disease threatens to reverse current progress toward global TB control. Multiple, rapid molecular diagnostic tests have recently been developed to detect genetic mutations in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) genes known to confer first-line drug resistance. Their utility, thou...

The slow-growing nature of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex hinders the improvement of turnaround time for phenotypic drug susceptibility testing. We designed a set of molecular beacons for the detection of isoniazid and rifampin resistance mutations in M. tuberculosis complex organisms from cultures or from N-acetyl-l-cysteine-NaOH-treated, smear-positive specimens. The performance of the mo...

Background: A standardized regimen recommended by the World Health Organization for retreatment of active tuberculosis (TB) is widely used, but treatment outcomes are suspected to be poor. We conducted a systematic review of published evidence of treatment of patients with a history of previous treatment or documented isoniazid mono-resistance. Methods and Findings: PubMed, EMBASE, and the Coch...