Mumtaz Ahmad is professor in Hampton University’s Department of Political Science. A member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences’ “Fundamentalism Project,” Dr. Ahmad has been a Research Fellow at the Brookings Institution, a Fellow of the American Institute of Pakistan Studies and the International Institute of Islamic Thought, a Fulbright Professor in Bangladesh and Pakistan, and a Vis...

The world’s first cities emerged on the plains of Mesopotamia (modern Iraq and Syria) in the fourth millennium BC. Attempts to understand this settlement process have assumed revolutionary social change, the disappearance of kinship as a structuring principle, and the appearance of a rational bureaucracy. Most assume cities and state-level social organization were deliberate functional adaptati...

The world’s first cities emerged on the plains of Mesopotamia (modern Iraq and Syria) in the fourth millennium BC. Attempts to understand this settlement process have assumed revolutionary social change, the disappearance of kinship as a structuring principle, and the appearance of a rational bureaucracy. Most assume cities and state-level social organization were deliberate functional adaptati...

The world’s first cities emerged on the plains of Mesopotamia (modern Iraq and Syria) in the fourth millennium BC. Attempts to understand this settlement process have assumed revolutionary social change, the disappearance of kinship as a structuring principle, and the appearance of a rational bureaucracy. Most assume cities and state-level social organization were deliberate functional adaptati...

Maya and Aztec cities exhibited a distinctive kind of low-density urbanism common in ancient Mesoamerica. The non-monumental components of these cities differed from the high-density ancient and historical cities in the Old World that are often considered the norm for pre-modern urbanism. Distinctive features include the practice of intensive agricultural cultivation within urban settlements, r...

G. R. Jahanshahloo , F. Hossienzadeh Lotfi , N. Shoja , G. Tohidi , S. Razavyan d a Department of Mathematics, Science & Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran-Iran b Department of Mathematics, Islamic Azad University, Firuozkooh Branch, Firuozkooh-Iran c Department of Mathematics, Islamic Azad University, Tehran-Center Branch, Tehran-Iran, P.O. Box: 14515-459, [email protected] d De...

The paper serves as background material for the review of debated issues and standpoints in the theory and application of Islamic economics, IE; and for discussion of fruitful research avenues in application of IE to modern economies. The focus is on six areas: (1) theory: links between IE and mainstream economics; while topics (2) to (6) treat applications of the given directives in Islamic ec...

Bangladesh is a moderate Islamic country. There are six full pledged Islamic banks providing services to wide range of customers. This study is designed to examine the impact of demographic disparities on the bank selection criteria applied by diversified customers of domestic Islamic banks in Bangladesh. We have run regression analysis after controlling for four demographic groupings such as G...

This paper presents a case series with preliminary data regarding the neurophysiological effects of specific prayer practices associated with the Islamic religion. Such practices, like other prayer practices, are likely associated with several coordinated cognitive activities and a complex pattern of brain physiology. However, there may also be changes specific to the goals of Islamic prayer wh...

This paper aims to examine e-business from Islamic perspectives. Among topics to be addressed in this paper, are e-business concepts, the legality of e-business from an Islamic point of view, prospects and challenges of Islamic e-business in a Malaysia context. This study introduces an Islamic e-business concept in addition to some interesting issues that can be found in this paper. In Islam, e...