abu mansoor thaalabi refers to three royal courts of his era in his book “yatimat al-dahr”: harun-al-rashid in baghdad, sayf-al-dawla al-hamadani in aleppo, and sahib-ibn abbad in rey. the first was a caliph, the second a king, and the third a vizier. the charisma and generosity of these three figures attracted a huge number of scholars, poets, writers and artists, which led to cultural and sci...

For over 2000 years the manual craft of papermaking has been practiced all over the world utilizing a variety of techniques. This review describes the evolution of hand papermaking and its cultural significance. Paper’s evolution has been shaped by the structure and chemical composition of the fibers. Almost every aspect of modern papermaking technology has been foreshadowed by traditional prac...

Accounting for accounting demands renewed attention to the knowledge practices of the accounting profession and anthropological analysis. Using data and theory from Islamic accountancy in Indonesia and the global network of Islamic financial engineers, this article challenges work on accounting’s rhetorical functions by attending to the inherent reflexivity of accounting practice and the practi...

This article generally examines the phenomenon of transnationa l religious actors and seeks to assess the claim that their activities can undermine state sovereignty. It starts from the premise that globalisation facilitates the growth of transnational networks of religious actors. Feeding off each other’s ideas and perhaps aiding each other with funds, they are bodies whose main priority is th...

Iran's Islamic revolution had so many effects on political, social, cultural and economic conditions of Shiites outside of Iran and caused a special formation of Muslims identity beliefs in the world, especially shia Muslims. Islamic revolution was a turning point in the Saudi Shia movement to get their spoiled rights by governance structure in Saudi Arabia and helped Shia movements to revive a...

Iran's Islamic revolution had so many effects on political, social, cultural and economic conditions of Shiites outside of Iran and caused a special formation of Muslims identity beliefs in the world, especially Shia Muslims. Islamic revolution was a turning point in the Saudi Shia movement to get their spoiled rights by governance structure in Saudi Arabia and helped Shia movements to revive a...

jahilid poetry should be known as a pre-islamic life. poem has been illustrator during the life of its people and its surrounding shape. perhaps it could be say atlal discussed in the introduction of pre-islamic odes and according to it, is the most popular topics of jahilid poetry. standing on atlal and desolate land, and weep over them, not limited to the pre-islamic poetry, and the poets of ...

theorization in the realm of criminal policy is badlyneeded by the country. lack of coherent, indigenouspattern of managing activities dealing with offence anddeviation causes lack of harmony of governmentalinstitutions invested with administrative affairs, and thiswill lead to nothing but drop of standards of criminaljustice in iran. although approaching criminal justice iniran is primarily an...