Biologically sensitive field-effect transistors (BioFETs) are one of the most abundant classes of electronic sensors for biomolecular detection. Most of the time these sensors are realized as classical ion-sensitive field-effect transistors (ISFETs) having non-metallized gate dielectrics facing an electrolyte solution. In ISFETs, a semiconductor material is used as the active transducer element...

The development of an immunosensor-based biosensor to detect the human serum albumin (HSA) was developed as a low-cost and label-free electrical detection through silicon nitride ion-sensitive field-effect transistor (Si3N4-ISFET). This sensor functionalized using 3-Aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES). silanized Si3N4-ISFET surface covalently linked with antibody against HSA (Anti-HSA) via gluta...

Assessing tumour necrosis factor-? (TNF-?) levels in the human body has become an essential tool to recognize heart failure (HF). In this work, label-free, rapid, easy use ImmunoFET based on ion-sensitive field effect transistor (ISFET) was developed for detection of TNF-? protein. Monoclonal anti-TNF-? antibodies (anti-TNF-? mAb) were immobilized ISFET gate made silicon nitride (Si3N4) after s...

We have fabricated organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) with regioregular poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) operable at low-voltages in liquid solutions, suitable for in vitro biosensing applications. Measurements in electrolytes have shown that the performance of the transistors did not deteriorate and they can be directly used as ion-sensitive transducers. Furthermore, more complex media have...

Field-effect transistor (FET)-type biosensors have shown potential for use in label-free electrical detection with high sensitivity. An ion-selective FET (ISFET) utilizes a reference electrode in the form of an aqueous solution. Its conductance is dependent on charged species on the surface of the ISFET. The sensitivity of nanowire FETs (NWFETs) is high enough to enable single-molecule detectio...

The adaptation of semiconductor technologies for biological applications may lead to a new era of inexpensive, sensitive, and portable diagnostics. At the core of these developing technologies is the ion-sensitive field-effect transistor (ISFET), a biochemical to electrical transducer with seamless integration to electronic systems. We present a novel structure for a true dual-gated ISFET that ...

We present a novel method for the rapid measurement of pH fluxes at close proximity to the surface of the plasma membrane in mammalian cells using an ion-sensitive field-effect transistor (ISFET). In conjuction with an efficient continuous superfusion system, the ISFET sensor was capable of recording rapid changes in pH at the cells' surface induced by intervals of ammonia loading and unloading...

Graphene has attracted great interest because of unique properties such as high sensitivity, high mobility, and biocompatibility. It is also known as a superior candidate for pH sensing. Graphene-based ion-sensitive field-effect transistor (ISFET) is currently getting much attention as a novel material with organic nature and ionic liquid gate that is intrinsically sensitive to pH changes. pH i...

The conventional way of applying chemical sensors is in an open-loop configuration. A parameter of the chemical domain, such as a gas or ion concentration, is converted into a parameter of the mechanical or electrical domain, often with non-linear transfer characteristics. The paramagnetic oxygen sensor and the ISFET-based urea sensor are treated as typical examples. Such an open-loop procedure...