The gene encoding insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS1) represents a strong biological candidate for a contributory role in type 2 diabetes susceptibility. Indeed, functional studies have implicated the G971R variant, and a recent meta-analysis of 27 association studies suggested that carriage of 971R was associated with a 25% increase in disease risk. However, this association has not been evalu...

Insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signaling is associated with castrate-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) progression. Insulin receptor substrates 1 and 2 (IRS1/2) mediate mitogenic and antiapoptotic signaling from IGF1 receptor (IGF1R), insulin receptor, and other oncoproteins. This study demonstrates that IRS1/2 expression is increased in prostate cancer, and persists in CRPC. Furthermore, this...

Previous studies have demonstrated that gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) share common genetic polymorphisms. We conducted meta-analysis and subgroup analysis of all available variants and determined the effects of confounding and experimental components on the genetic association of GDM. Any case-controlled or cohort studies with genotype distribution compa...

Background & aimsThe physiological regulation and contribution of the multiple phosphorylation sites insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1) to pathogenesis resistance is unknown. Our aims were map phosphorylated motifs IRS1 in skeletal muscle from people with normal glucose tolerance (NGT; n = 11) or type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM; 11).MethodsSkeletal biopsies obtained under fasted conditions duri...

Recent high resolution bispectrum speckle interferometric observations in the near-infrared have revealed that the area surrounding NGC 7538 IRS1 is associated with a fan-like region that contains several stars and regions of diffuse emission. An interpretation of the speckle, CO, radio continuum, and methanol maser data, which shows the current position angle of the protostar’s accretion disk ...

Out of the 90 human protein tyrosine kinases, 81 were assayed with short peptides derived from well-characterized [CDK1(Tyr15), IRS1(Tyr983), and JAK1(Tyr1023)] or generic [polyGlu:Tyr(4:1) and poly-Glu:Ala:Tyr(1:1:1)] substrates. As expected, the CDK1 peptide is a substrate for all Src family kinases. On the other hand, some of the activities are novel and lead to a better understanding of the...

The chimeric herpes simplex viruses (HSV) are Δγ₁34.5 vectors encoding the human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) IRS1 or TRS1 genes. They are capable of late viral protein synthesis and are superior to Δγ₁34.5 HSVs in oncolytic activity. The interferon (IFN) response limits efficient HSV gene expression and replication. HCMV TRS1 and IRS1 restore one γ₁34.5 gene function: evasion of IFN-inducible protei...

Diabetes mellitus is a global disease, and the number of patients with it is increasing. Of various agents for treatment, those that directly act on muscle are currently attracting attention because muscle is one of the main tissues in the human body, and its metabolism is decreased in type II diabetes. In this study, we found that hydroxylamine (HA) enhances glucose uptake in C2C12 myotubes. A...