In nature, animals normally perceive sensory information on top of backgrounds. Thus, the neural substrate to perceive under background conditions is inherent in all sensory systems. Where and how sensory systems process backgrounds is not fully understood. In olfaction, just a few studies have addressed the issue of odor coding on top of continuous odorous backgrounds. Here, we tested how back...

We studied the adult ambulatory response of the predator, Laricobius nigrinus Fender (Coleoptera: Derodontidae), to odors from its prey, Adelges tsugae Annand, the hemlock woolly adelgid, and foliage of hemlock woolly adelgid, host hemlocks (Tsuga spp.), and other conifers. Both the predator and hemlock woolly adelgid are apparently native to western North America, but the predator is being re...

tive sense. In Marcel ProustÕs novel Remembrance of Things Past, the nostalgic ßavor and fragrance of a madeleine, a delicate pastry, evokes a description of taste and smell, the senses that Òalone, more fragile but more enduring, more unsubstantial, more persistent. . . bear unßinchingly, in the tiny and almost impalpable drop of their essence, the vast structure of recollection.Ó Humans often...

Humans and laboratory animals are thought to discriminate sensory objects using elemental perceptual features computed by neural circuits in the brain. However, it is often difficult to identify the perceptual features that animals use to make specific comparisons. In olfaction, changes in the concentration of a given odor lead to discriminable changes in both its perceived quality and intensit...

A male tea garden labourer, aged 36 years, occupation chowkidar, was admitted in the Central Hospital on 25th May, 1948, from a neighbouring garden for the following chief complaints : (i) Irritating cough, (u) irregular rise of temperature, (Hi) loss of weight, and (iv) emaciation. Duration of illness?4 months. Previous history.?An attack of similar illness 2? years back which gradually improv...

Alamein; the case corresponds in neither age nor wound with Wainwright's example. The book has many irritating errors and a poor index. For example, the first child cured by penicillin broth is "a 3-year-old baby" on p. 42 but was clearly three weeks old, as witnessed by the illustrations, and Wainwright's own article; Rollin and Hotchkiss (neither appears in the index) was really Rollin D. Hot...