Total Channel ControlTM is a patented automation design for large scale open canal irrigation networks that manages water distribution within capacity constraints to achieve on-demand water delivery whilst maximizing water distribution. Here it is shown that this decentralized and distributed control implementation realizes near globally optimal performance. Furthermore, the performance enhance...

In most wheat growing moderate regions and especially in the north of Iran climate, is affected grain filling by several physical and abiotic stresses. In this region, grain filling often occurs when temperatures are increasing and moisture supply is decreasing. The experiment was designed in RCBD with split plot arrangements with four replications. Four irrigation treatments included (I0) no i...

Water management and competition between users in water scarce river basins is a major challenge facing the human race. The inter dependence of users in such basins, necessitates a clear understanding of each user in relation to the location, the water demand, and the duration of water need. The understanding of these factors, together, is very important for the management of water resources in...

Water-deficit stresses preferentially reduce shoot growth, thereby disrupting the flow of carbohydrates from source leaves to the developing sinks. Here, we use a novel stress bioassay to dissect responses of field and greenhouse-grown cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) source leaves to water-deficit stresses. Fifth main stem leaf samples were harvested at sunrise and subjected to a prolonged elevated...

We assessed impacts on water use achieved by implementation of controlled experiments relating to four water conservation strategies in four towns within the Ipswich watershed in Massachusetts. The strategies included (1) installation of weather-sensitive irrigation controller switches (WSICS) in residences and municipal athletic fields; (2) installation of rainwater harvesting systems in resid...

Nutrient uptake by trees is determined by root interception, soil availability, and tree demand. Fruit trees have low rooting density, especially in the case of dwarfing rootstocks. Mobility in the soil is a key factor in determining nutrient availability, and good management of nutrients requires that supply is matched to demand, in terms of amount, timing and retention in the root-zone, and t...

population growth as well as global fresh water shortage problem have necessitated the use of unconventional water resources in agricultural sector, as the largest consumer of fresh water, especially in arid and semi-arid regions. in this study, the effect of four irrigation methods on yield, uptake of water and important nutrients, and the salt accumulation in soil was investigated using a com...

Available fresh water resources are subjected to an ever-increasing pressure due to extensive agricultural water demand for irrigated lands. A long-term perspective in shortage of fresh water resources, especially in arid and semi-arid area, highlights an urgent solution for innovative irrigation strategy and agricultural water management. This paper is a review on the wide applications of the ...

Moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) is a process in which attached growth is utilized for wastewater treatment. This process does not require sludge recycling or backwash. Activated sludge processes can be promoted to an MBBR by adding media to an aeration tank. Rapid sand filter is a physical method for the removal of total suspended solids (TSS) in advanced wastewater treatment. The purpose of ...