Family as the first and foremost social institution greatly impacts its immediate larger society. Also importance of family a key figure in healthy society, necessity strong relations between spouses make it imperative to devise required legal devices. As women are prone suffer receive more damage cases breakdown, legislator should develop establish protective statutes respect rights women. In ...

disproportionate punishments are those punishments passed or enforced without considering the criteria of proportionality, namely the criteria of harm done, the absolute or relative seriousness of crimes, the kind of committed crime and offender characteristics, the degree and kind of victim’s culpability. considering the penological aims, such as retribution, deterrence and securing social def...

any reasonable person concludes a contract in order to attain (a) purpose(s). it sometimes arises that unforeseen occurrences, subsequent to the date of the contract, make worthless the promisee’s counter-performance for promisor without it has been become physically impossible or impracticability. this situation is analyzed under the doctrine of “frustration of purpose” in american law. nevert...

intentional assignment of entitlements (as opposed to debts) is a legal institution which is based on the possibility of separation of entitlements from the personality of creditor and of its assignment to a third party. in the voluntary assignment of entitlements, the creditors may assign their rights to a third party. after long discussions, voluntary assignment of rights has been accepted in...

This paper studies the ability of salt diapirs to lift large inclusions of dense rocks (rafts). Dense inclusions will be lifted if salt in the diapir rises faster than the inclusions sink. The power-law rheologies of six different salts, and viscosities estimated for Newtonian salt are used to calculate the settling velocity of these inclusions as a function of their radii and density as well a...

In his book The Law of Peoples, John Rawls described an international society inwhich there are enemies and friends seeking their goals by deferent means.Rawls introduced us principles as the fundamental rights of every people. Thepeople who reserve these rights can sustain in the world. Although this theoryis supposed to be part of liberal foreign policy, the peoples Rawls talks aboutare not n...

Mohammadhiwa Abdekhoda, Narges Salehi, Afsaneh Dehnad. Assistance professor of health information management, department of medical library and information science. School of health management and medical informatics. Tabriz University of medical sciences. Tabriz, Iran; Iranian Center of Excellence in Health Management (IceHM).School of Management and Medical Informatics. Tabriz University of M...

The Islamic Republic of Iran has a long history of medicine. The principles derived from core Islamic teachings provide a comprehensive moral, ethical, and legal framework for the practice of medicine. The issue of brain death has significant impact on the procurement of organs from cadavers. It is a major subject of debate and interest to bioscientists, legal experts, religious scholars, and t...

this is the obligation of judge in civil trial to finding substantive rule of law which is governing to a case in current resource of law. as an important role, it depends to have an accurate acknowledge about rule's resources and applying it in governing legal system. in iranian positive law we can see two rule of law concerning this obligation, first in principle 167 of constitution and ...