OBJECTIVES To evaluate the role of this polymorphism as a risk factor for breast cancer in Kurdish patients and to investigate the possible association between Arg194Trp x-ray repair cross-complementing group 1 (XRCC1) gene polymorphisms with clinical and histopathological outcomes of patients with breast cancer. METHODS A total of 100 breast cancer patients and 200 cancer-free controls in Ku...

BACKGROUND Patient empowerment can enhance the outcomes of care such as metabolic control as well as quality of their life. This study evaluates the Iranian version for development of a valid and reliable diabetes empowerment scale. METHODS Validity and reliability of Iranian version of Diabetes Empowerment Scale (DES-LF) were measured through a cross-sectional study. DES-LF was evaluated thr...

abstract background: the experience of labor and birth, referred to as childbirth, is complex, multidimensional, and subjective, relating to both the outcome and the process that is experienced by an individual woman. the aim of this study was to describe the experience of childbirth among kurdish women giving birth at besat hospital in sanandaj, iran. materials and methods: a qualitative study...

In a time of great difficulty in Iraq, during which most coverage of it in the world's media is dominated by security issues, it is easy not to realise that wherever possible, at least in the more secure areas, Iraqi people are trying to get on with their lives and work. For public health officials, this includes the formidable challenge of tobacco control which, due to the virtual absence of a...

This research is intended to shed light on the problems of Kurdish language in Kurdistan Region, especially field education and higher education. because we assume that modern life, there a great risk which threatens our cultural identity globalization tries weaken natural impose unipolar dominance English language. If past responsibility lies with enemies people crackling down kurdish stages o...

This paper estimates the markup for the Mexican manufacturing sector to detect the impact of trade liberalization on market power. Using Hall’s proposal that states that a procyclical Solow residual is an indication of market power, this research estimates the markup for different periods to detect the change in market power after trade liberalization was implemented. We account for the potenti...

MOST PEOPLE AGREE that stock prices sometimes behave in strange ways. Going beyond this simple observation typically proves more difficult. For at least the past quarter century, economists have been well aware that the variation of stock prices does not nicely match the familiar bell-shaped normal distribution.1 The problem is too many extreme movements. Very large increases or decreases would...

Abstract This article investigates the collective memory that occurred as a result of chemical attack on Halabja, March 16, 1988. In light discussions deal with and reconciliation in post-genocide societies, we look at how “postmemory” are formed among survivors their descendants. The merit is it brings together victim's accounts creates bottom-up perspective challenges official created by Kurd...