more than half of all hydrocarbon reservoirs are naturally fractured reservoirs (nfrs), in which production forecasting is a complicated function of fluid flow in a fracture-matrix system. modelling of fluid flow in nfrs is challenging due to formation heterogeneity and anisotropy. stress sensitivity and depletion effect on already-complex reservoir permeability add to the sophistication. horiz...

Gas injection into carbonate formations is one of the most important activities to protect oil reserves that can guarantee a steady production. On-time injection of enough gas can result in the recovery of billions barrels of oil. In addition, it can preserve a huge amount of gas for the next generations. If the reservoir depth is shallow, or the reservoir fluid has a little amount of intermedi...

Naturally fractured reservoirs (NFR) represent an important percentage of worldwide hydrocarbon reserves and production. The performance naturally gas condensate would be more complicated regarding both rock fluid effects. In contrast to the dual-porosity model, dual-porosity/dual-permeability (dual-permeability) model is considered as a modified in which flow wellbore occurs through matrix fra...

Carbonate reservoirs usually have strong heterogeneity, with complex pore structure and well-developed natural fractures. During reservoir development, when the formation pressure is lower than bubble point of crude oil, fluid undergoes phase change degassing. This leads to subsequent waterflooding displacement under oil–gas two-phase condition, also followed by a secondary oil gas caused incre...

Carbonate reservoir rocks of different pore structure have quite distinct and detectable 4D seismic signatures. Using three defined pore structure types (PST), these seismic signatures are correlated with the permeability patterns of carbonate rocks. In both the high-permeability PST3 and intermediate-permeability PST2 regions, gas injection is preferred than water injection for effective 4D se...

Fracture reservoirs contain most of the oil reserves of the Middle East. Such reservoirs are poorly understood and recovery from fractured reservoirs is typically lower than those from conventional reservoirs. Many efforts have been made to enhance the recovery and production potential of these reservoirs. Fractured reservoirs with high matrix porosity and low matrix permeability need a seconda...

[1] This paper presents an approximate analytical solution for non-Darcy flow of a slightly compressible fluid through a fractured reservoir. The analytical solution is obtained using the traditional Warren-Root solution superposed on a dimensionless non-Darcy flow coefficient. The model formulation incorporates the Forchheimer equation into the Warren-Root model for describing non-Darcy flow t...

A major concern in development of fractured reservoirs in Enhanced Geothermal Systems (EGS) is to achieve and maintain adequate injectivity, while avoiding short-circuiting flow paths. The injection performance and flow paths are dominated by fracture rock permeability. The evolution of fracture permeability can be made by change in temperature or pressure induced rock deformation and geochemic...