In common with many other countries, the Iranian science curriculum does not introduce primary children to atoms and molecules but instead leaves teaching of these concepts until high school. This paper challenges this practice describes changes in elementary children’s understanding following a 10-h intervention about basic atomic-molecular theory, derived from recently published Australian re...

Background: Hypertension (HTN) is a significant public health problem worldwide. Early diagnosis of HTN and its related risk factors has been considered as one the main requirements general healthcare in children. Objectives: This study aimed to examine nomograms normal systolic diastolic blood pressure (BP) prevalence asymptomatic pre-HTN population school-aged Methods: Systolic BP, height, we...

INTRODUCTION There have been considerable changes in the concept and meaning of fatherhood in the past few decades and a lot of studies has down in this area, but there is no information about fathering and fatherhood from Iranian perspective, thus present study designed to explore the men's understanding of fathering and paternal role during their first year of transition to parenthood. METH...

BACKGROUND Surrogacy is a popular form of assisted reproductive technology of which only gestational form is approved by most of the religious scholars in Iran. Little evidence exists about the Iranian infertile women's viewpoint regarding gestational surrogacy. AIM To assess the viewpoint of Iranian infertile women toward gestational surrogacy. SETTING AND DESIGN This descriptive study was...

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common heritable psychiatric disorder with a worldwide prevalence of 5%. The etiology of ADHD is still incompletely understood, but several studies, consistently indicate the strong role of genetic factors on this disorder. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of three SNPs rs11122319, rs11122330 and rs667...

Anthropogenic release of pollutants into the environment is especially harmful to growing fetuses and young children. These populations are at an increased risk of damage because exposure to pollutants during critical periods of development can cause many impairments. Children's exposure to mixtures of metals could be responsible for the rising numbers of neurological disorders surfacing in Ira...

Of 231 children with nephrotic syndrome, 87% were steroid sensitive and 13% steroid resistant. Of patients with steroid sensitive nephrotic syndrome, 38.8% were non-relapsers, 34.8% frequent relapsers and 26.4% infrequent relapsers. Among those with steroid resistant nephrotic syndrome, 37.5% had focal segmental glomerulosclerosis with a high mortality rate of 44%

BACKGROUND Experience with vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) differs in different centers and there are plenty of controversies. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the outcome of primary VUR complications and the rate of recurrence of UTI. METHODS The medical charts of all infants and children with primary VUR who were followed up by two nephrologist were reviewed. During 19 years (1...

OBJECTIVE To study the clinical presentation, histology and colonoscopic features of lower gastrointestinal polyps in Iranian children. MATERIAL AND METHODS Medical reports of children with colorectal polyps were retrospectively reviewed from 1996 to 2005 at the Children's Medical Center Hospital, Iran. A total of 563 cases were studied. Data related to age, sex, family history, signs and sym...