Heterogeneous proton exchange membranes (PEM) are synthesized using the dry phase inversion technique. The casting solutions are prepared by dispersing a finely ground cation exchange resin particle in N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAc) solution of polyvinyl-chloride (PVC). Results show that ion exchange capacity is increased with the addition of 1 %-wt nanosilica (from 0.14 to 0.27 meq/g) while it i...

In this work, kinetics and thermodynamics of esterification reaction were studied. This research investigated the esterification reaction between methanol and acidified oil catalyzed by sulfonated cation exchange resin and proposed a new rate equation for consideration of kinetics of this reaction according to the Langmuir-Hinshelwood mechanism. Thermodynamics and kinetics parameters were calcu...

Dimer acid (DA) was grafted onto lignin (EHL) to form a graft copolymer DA-g-EHL. The selection of the reaction type and the optimization of the reaction conditions for the grafting reaction were conducted through orthogonal and single factor experiments. FT-IR and thermal analysis were used to characterize the graft product. It was found that, compared with free radical grafting, DA can be gra...

Wastewater discharged from metal-finishing processes usually contains nickel, a hazardous substance that is used extensively in the surface finishing industry. In the present study, an acidic solution containing nickel was treated using strong acid cation exchange resin. A continuous lab-scale cation exchange arrangement permitting the assessment of electric current as an enhancement mechanism ...

Glycosylation in room temperature ionic liquid is demonstrated using unprotected and unactivated donors. Modest yields of simple benzyl glycosides and disaccharides of glucose, mannose and N-acetylgalactosamine were obtained in 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium benzoate with Amberlite IR-120 (H(+)) resin or p-toluenesulfonic acid as promoters.

Ion-exclusion chromatography (IEC) has been widely used in the separation of carboxylic acids, finding applications in the analysis of food and beverages, pharmaceuticals, biological samples, and acid rain samples.' The retention mechanism of carboxylic acids in ion-exclusion chromatography has also been investigated in many studies, and the factors which affect retention can be divided into th...

Methods for separation of ions by ion-exchange, ion-pair, and zwitterion ion chromatography share at least one common thread--the induced formation of a cation-anion pair in the stationary phase. Selectivity can be defined as the relative ability of sample ions to form such a pair. Examples are given in anion-exchange chromatography to show the effect of variations in the geometry, bulkiness an...

are relatively few, and generally are related to either inadvertent transfusion of incompatible blood or the outcome of some severe form of injury. The latter may follow a surgical operation or be the result of massive trauma incurred during combat. The consequent renal insufficiency is often temporary in nature, and efforts are directed at prolongation of life by sustaining the patient through...