This report shows for the first time, the evidence of IL6 gene in an Echinodermata, so in an Invertebrate. It recalls also the existence of IL2 gene, we have found also in the Ophuirid: Ophiocomina nigra, the sister of the Asterid: Asterias rubens. All these animals belong to Echinodermata.

per neuron: Resistance to image degradations, Neural Netw., 14:795– 803. Gardner-Medwin, A. R., and Barlow, H. B., 2001, The limits of counting accuracy in distributed neural representations, Neural Computat., 13:477–504. Grainger, J., and Jacobs, A. M., 1998, Localist Connectionist Approaches to Human Cognition, Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum. Konorski, J., 1967, Integrative Activity of the Brain: An Int...

The resting K+ conductance (GK,r) of locust jumping muscle and its modulation by two neuropeptides, proctolin (Arg-Tyr-Leu-Pro-Thr) and YGGFMRFamide (Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe-Met-Arg-Phe-NH2), were investigated using the two-electrode voltage clamp. At a physiological [K+]o of 10 mM, GK,r accounts for approximately 90% of the membrane resting conductance, and the resting membrane potential differs by </...

Neuropeptides and regulatory peptide hormones control many developmental, physiological and behavioural processes in animals, including humans. The nonapeptides oxytocin and arginine vasopressin are produced and released by the pituitary gland and have actions on many organs and tissues. Receptive cells possess particular receptors to which the peptides bind as ligands, leading to activation of...