In standard endogenous growth models, the higher the research e¤ort the higher is the innovation rate of the economy. Innovating, however, is a complex process that requires an entrepreneur to implement a valuable invention. Hence when research and entrepreneurial skills compete in the allocation of aggregate resources, the relation between growth and R&D is hump-shaped. This paper proposes a m...

Technological progress builds upon itself, with the expansion of invention in one domain propelling future work in linked fields. Our analysis uses 1.8 million US patents and their citation properties to map the innovation network and its strength. Past innovation network structures are calculated using citation patterns across technology classes during 1975-1994. The interaction of this preexi...

Innovation has vast morphological meanings but is simply defined as the act of announcing something new or the use of a novel idea or technique. In some cases, it is practiced as replacement to invention, though innovation is further accurately outlined as something thought up or mentally fabricated. Although innovation in surgery has a less than perfect tradition, the field and research of sur...

This paper presents insights and action proposals to better harness technological innovation for sustainable development. We begin with three key insights from scholarship and practice. First, technological innovation processes do not follow a set sequence but rather emerge from complex adaptive systems involving many actors and institutions operating simultaneously from local to global scales....

The article deals with the problems of business innovation and inventions in EU countries a focus on potential effects R&D expenditure. Since is considered an essential sector concerning innovation, expenditure can play significant role their creation. However, several obstacles hinder successful transformation expenditures into invention or innovation. as any other type investments are associa...