Introduction of pneumococcal conjugate and polysaccharide vaccines into the United Kingdom's routine immunization programmes is expected to change the epidemiology of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD). We have documented the epidemiology of IPD in an English region (South West) with high-quality surveillance data before these programmes were established. We analysed data on isolates of Strept...

INTRODUCTION The clinical severity and course of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) differs substantially between patients. Streptococcus pneumoniae harbors large genetic variability. Zinc metalloproteinase C (ZmpC), a secreted pneumococcal protein involved in neutrophil extravasation, inflammation and tissue remodeling, is present in a minority of IPD isolates. We investigated whether the pre...

Severe infections may be influenced by genetic constitution. The authors examined familial aggregation of invasive infections, using invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) as the index condition to ascertain families at risk. From Danish national registers, they identified relatives of persons with IPD from 1977 through 2005. Risks of IPD, bacterial meningitis, septicemia, and any invasive infecti...

Background Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine 10 (PCV10) and pneumococcal conjugate vaccine 13 (PCV13), are used in childhood immunization programs worldwide, but direct comparisons of impacts against invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) in equivalent populations have not been performed. We compared the vaccines (prevaccination 2007-2009 vs postvaccination 2013-2016) in Sweden, where the 21 counties...

PURPOSE Clinical, immunological and microbiological characteristics of recurrent invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) in children were evaluated, differentiating relapse from reinfection, in order to identify specific risk factors for both conditions. METHODS All patients <18 years-old with recurrent IPD admitted to a tertiary-care pediatric center from January 2004 to December 2011 were evalu...

Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) have been introduced worldwide. However, few developing countries have high-quality surveillance systems available for monitoring vaccine impact. We evaluated whether data from nasopharyngeal carriage studies can be used to accurately monitor post-PCV changes in the incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) among children under 5 years of age. For v...

Pneumococcal conjugate vaccination has proved highly effective in eliminating vaccine-type pneumococcal carriage and disease. However, the potential adverse effects of serotype replacement remain a major concern when implementing routine childhood pneumococcal conjugate vaccination programmes. Applying a concise predictive model, we present a ready-to-use quantitative tool to investigate the im...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) remains an important cause of illness in US children. We assessed the impact of introduction of the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) on pediatric IPD rates, as well as changes in racial and regional differences in IPD, in Tennessee. METHODS Data from active laboratory and population-based surveillance of IPD were us...

In 1999, all individuals > or = 65 yrs of age (n=258,754) in Stockholm County, Sweden, were offered influenza and pneumococcal vaccination in a prospective study on the effectiveness of these vaccines in reducing the need for hospital treatment and death due to influenza, pneumonia and invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD). Data on hospitalisation and mortality during 1 yr were obtained from the ...

BACKGROUND Before the introduction of 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7), invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) rates among blacks were twice the rates in whites. We measured the effects of trends in PCV7-type and non-PCV7-type IPD rates on racial disparities in overall IPD and estimated the proportion of IPD caused by serotypes included in the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine...