mannea is the most important state, which was established before median kingdom and ruled on vast part of northwestern iran for several centuries. manneaen were from hurrian race and language and probably entered the region about 1500 b.c. in their political life although they suffered many inva-sions from assyria and urartu, they kept their political and cultural independence and expended thei...

SUNAR, N. M.*+, STENTIFORD, E.I.*, STEWART, D.I.* AND FLETCHER, L.A* + Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Tun Hussien Onn Malaysia, Batu Pahat, Johor, Malaysia. *Pathogen Control Engineering (PaCE) Institute, School of Civil Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom. +Corresponding Author. Tel: +44 (0) 113 3432319. Email:shuhail...

A 15437 bp region encompassing the inhA locus from the Mycobacterium avium chromosome was cloned and sequenced. From the sequencing data generated and the results of homology searches, the primary structure of this region was determined. This region contains four known genes (acnA, fabG, inhA and hemH) and two genes, invA and invB, whose products display homology with p60 invasion protein of Li...

An accurate method for enumerating pathogen indicators, such as Escherichia coli (E. coli), and Salmonella spp. is important for assessing the safety of compost samples. This study aimed to determine the occurrence of pathogen indicators in compost samples by using a molecular approach known as Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). The DNA sample was extracted from sewage sludge compost. The specifi...