Recently, Drai et al. (J Neurosci Methods 96 (2000) 119) have introduced an algorithm that segments rodent locomotor behavior into natural units of ‘staying in place’ (lingering) behavior versus going between places (progression segments). This categorization, based on the maximum speed attained within the segment, was shown to be intrinsic to the data, using the statistical method of Gaussian ...

Are Catholics more motivated by guilt than Protestants? I tested this hypothesis via self-determination theory's concept of introjected motivation, in which behavior is only partially internalized (Deci & Ryan, 1991). Study 1 found that 1409 Catholic undergraduates were higher in introjected motivation than 1261 Protestant undergraduates. Catholics were also lower in identified motivation, in w...

This talk advocates intrinsic universality as a notion to identify simple cellular automata with complex computational behavior. After an historical introduction and proper definitions of intrinsic universality, which is discussed with respect to Turing and circuit universality, we discuss construction methods for small intrinsically universal cellular automata before discussing techniques for ...

Recent neuroimaging studies have revealed a persistent architecture of intrinsic connectivity networks (ICNs) in the signal of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) of humans and other species. ICNs are characterized by coherent ongoing activity between distributed brain regions during rest, in the absence of externally oriented behavior. While these networks strongly reflect anatomical ...

Motivation is a key factor in human learning. We learn best when we are highly motivated to learn. Psychologists distinguish between extrinsically-motivated behavior, which is behavior undertaken to achieve some externally supplied reward, such as a prize, a high grade, or a high-paying job, and intrinsically-motivated behavior, which is behavior done for its own sake. Is there an analogous dis...

Background. Several researchers have studied the effects of type of feedback on learning motor skills, but there are few studies on the interaction between personality traits and the type of feedback. Objectives. This study aimed at investigating the effect of type of feedback on intrinsic motivation and learning volleyball jump serve in students with neuroticism. Methods. A total of 59 femal...

The intrinsic value of an action refers to the inherent sense that experiencing a behavior is enjoyable even if it has no explicit outcome. Previous research has suggested that a common valuation mechanism within the reward network may be responsible for processing the intrinsic value of achieving both the outcome and external rewards. However, how the intrinsic value of action is neurally repr...

Based on seemingly overwhelming empirical evidence of the decremental effects of reward on intrinsic task interest and creativity, the use of reward to alter human behavior has been challenged in literature reviews, textbooks, and the popular media. An analysis of a quarter century of research on intrinsic task interest and creativity revealed, however, that (a) detrimental effects of reward oc...

In this paper, we introduce a new method that allows to directly measure the intrinsic viscosity ( ) for perpendicular media using a vibrating sample magnetometer. The measurement is carried out in a number of iterations. In each iteration, the behavior of applied field ( ) with time is gradually adjusted according to the change in the internal field ( ) calculated from the relaxation behavior ...