The partition of sulfate, Ca(++), and Mg(++) across the membrane of the sartorius muscle has been studied, and the effect of various concentrations of these ions in the Ringer solution on the cellular level of Na(+), K(+), and Cl(-) has been determined. The level of the three divalent ions in toad plasma and muscle in vivo has been assayed. Muscle was found to contain an almost undetectable amo...

the present study was designed to explore the anti-inflammatory effect of fluvoxamine, as a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (ssri) anti-depressant, on carrageenan-induced paw edema in more details. at first, fluvoxamine was administered intra-peritoneally (2.5, 12.5, 25 and 50 mg kg-1) 30 min before the subplantar injection of carrageenan. fluvoxamine was also injected intra-peritoneally...

Objective(s): Calcineurin (CN) is a main phosphatase and a critical regulator of cellular pathways for learning, memory, and plasticity. The FK-506 (tacrolimus),a phosphatase inhibitor, is a fungal-derived agent and a common immune suppressant extensively used for tissue transplantation. To further clarify the role of CN in different stages oflearning and memory the main aim of this study was t...

The discovery of two fundamental laws concerning cellular dynamics with recursive growth is reported. Firstly, the chemical abundances measured over many cells were found to obey a log-normal distribution and secondly, the relationship between the average and standard deviation of the abundances was found to be linear. The ubiquity of these laws was explored both theoretically and experimentall...

The health of organisms and cells depends on appropriate responses to diverse internal and external cues, stimuli, or challenges, such as changes in hormone or cytokine levels, or exposure to a pathogen. Cellular responses must be tailored to the identity and intensity of the stimulus and therefore intra-cellular signals must carry information about both. However, signaling mediators often form...

Debashish Chowdhury†,1 Aakash Basu, Ashok Garai, Philip Greulich, Katsuhiro Nishinari, Andreas Schadschneider, and Tripti Tripathi Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur 208016, India Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Cologne, D-50937 Köln, Germany 3 Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Faculty of Engineering, University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, T...