A critically evaluated database of human intestinal absorption for 648 chemical compounds is reported in this study, among which 579 are believed to be transported by passive diffusion. The correlation analysis between the intestinal absorption and several important molecular properties demonstrated that no single molecular property could be used as a good discriminator to efficiently distingui...

P REVIOUS STUDIES showed that general systemic factors like the hemoglobin concentration, serum iron concentration, iron binding capacity, and the plasma iron clearance rate were not correlated to the intestinal iron absorption. Neither did parenteral iron treatment normalize high iron absorption.1 The purpose of the present study is to examine such local intestinal factors as the quantity and ...

Interindividual and interstrain variations in cholesterol absorption efficiency occur in humans and animals. We investigated physiological biliary and small intestinal factors that might determine variations in cholesterol absorption efficiency among inbred mouse strains. We found that there were significant differences in cholesterol absorption efficiency measured by plasma, fecal, and lymphat...

Intestinal cholesterol absorption is modulated by transport proteins in enterocytes. Cholesterol uptake from intestinal lumen requires several proteins on apical brush-border membranes, including Niemann-Pick C1-like 1 (NPC1L1), scavenger receptor B-I, and CD36, whereas two ATP-binding cassette half transporters, ABCG5 and ABCG8, on apical membranes work together for cholesterol efflux back to ...

TWENTY YEARS AGO, Ugolev et al. (15) noted that “under physiological conditions [the] two systems of glucose transport, Na -dependent and Na -independent, function. The first one is less potent but more resistant to experimental influences.” This statement sums up fairly accurately what has happened in the field of intestinal sugar absorption in the last six years as exemplified by increases in...

The hormone serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) has been implicated as the cause of the diarrhea seen in many patients with the carcinoid syndrome. To determine whether serotonin is an intestinal secretagogue, the effect of serotonin on intestinal water and electrolyte transport was evaluated in the rabbit. Two weeks of daily subcutaneous injection of serotonin suspended in oil resulted in a blood ...

Processes of intestinal absorption, metabolism, and secretion must be considered simultaneously in viewing oral drug bioavailability. Existing models often fail to predict route-dependent intestinal metabolism, namely, little metabolism occurs after systemic dosing but notable metabolism exists after oral dosing. A physiologically based, Segregated-Flow Model (SFM) was developed to examine the ...

The absorption of orally administered drugs requires their movement across the intestinal epithelial barrier. Poor intestinal permeability leads to limited absorption. Generally, if a compound achieves a 90% or greater oral absorption, it is considered highly permeable (for example, propranolol or metoprolol). Drugs that display 50% or less oral absorption are considered poorly permeable (for e...

Bats tend to have less intestinal tissue than comparably sized nonflying mammals. The corresponding reduction in intestinal volume and hence mass of digesta carried is advantageous because the costs of flight increase with load carried and because take-off and maneuverability are diminished at heavier masses. Water soluble compounds, such as glucose and amino acids, are absorbed in the small in...