Abstract Background After 20 years of debate on intersex care, there has been a slight movement away from the paradigm ‘optimal gender' including early genital modification to conform predicted gender identity towards ‘full consent' provision full information about risks, benefits and alternatives interventions postponement irreversible minors too young give informed consent. However, controver...

Animal models of gonadal hormone influences on the sexual differentiation of brain and behaviour are reviewed and discussed as a basis for predicting hormonal influences on human neurobehavioural development. Behavioural outcomes in clinical intersex cases, including congenital adrenal hyperplasia, androgen insensitivity syndrome, enzymatic deficiencies and situations in which hormones have bee...

In recent decades, scientists have discovered that the presence of human hormones and hormonemimicking chemicals in rivers, lakes, and streams can affect the endocrine systems of fish. These chemicals can feminize male fish, masculinize female fish, impact reproduction, and potentially affect the population’s ability to survive. This working paper attempts to summarize the local findings of a l...

According to a Greek myth, preserved for us in Ovid and recorded by Rose (1953), Hermaphroditus was the son of Hermes and Aphrodite. A fountain nymph, Salmakis, who fell passionately in love with him, entreated the gods that she might be forever united with him, and her prayer was answered by the combination of lover and loved into a single being a hermaphrodite. By common usage the term hermap...