one of the most important challenge facing international community and international criminal law is the increasing expansion of terrorist acts and operations which is a serious threat to international peace and security. this dreadful phenomenon usually occurs in organized forms transnationally. threats caused by terrorism are more than individual offences and to encounter it effectively is in...

traditional agriculture and non-chemical crop production have a long story; however organic agriculture which relies on local and in-farm inputs, with the aim of protecting ecological balances and developing biological cycles on the one hand while regarding regulations and specific standards on the other hand, doesn’t have a very long history. there are numerous environmental reasons for the pr...

Nowadays harmonization of sanitary and hygienic standards of environmental quality with international standards is crucial part of integration of Russia into the international community. Harmonization of Russian and international ambient air quality standards may be realized by risk-based standards development. In this paper approaches to risk-based standards development and examples of these a...

'Medical Devices' include everything from highly sophisticated, computerized, medical equipment, right down to simple wooden tongue depressors. Regulations embody the public expectations for how buildings and facilities are expected to perform and as such represent public policy. Regulators, who develop and enforce regulations, are empowered to act in the public's interest to set this policy an...

While there is a large literature on the economic theory of international standards, and their presumed effects, we know much less about how international standards work in practice. This paper reviews the body of empirical work that has investigated the specific question: How international standards impact on international trade? Do they help or hinder trade? The work reviewed ranges from econ...

background: today, moving toward high quality and efficient education is essential in educational systems. to achieve it, management, research and educational programs should evolve consistent with the produced knowledge, professional developments and standards. regarding the important role of midwifery education in improvement of social health, the current study was carried out to identify the...

In this study, the use of backwash, extracted from city waste from Tehran's Kahrizakareawasinvestigated in agricultural applications as well as in eco system applications. The purpose of thisresearch was to definethe quality of qualitative and quantitative parameters to measure the output ofleachate treatment plant Arad Kooh(Kahrizak Tehran) in order to reuse it for agricultural use anddischarg...

Guideline development processes vary substantially, and many guidelines do not meet basic quality criteria. Standards for guideline development can help organizations ensure that recommendations are evidence-based and can help users identify high-quality guidelines. Such organizations as the U.S. Institute of Medicine and the United Kingdom's National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellenc...