OBJECTIVE Given the recent emphasis on developing prehospital trauma care globally, we embarked upon a multicentre study to compare trauma patients' outcome within and between countries with technician-operated advanced life support (ALS) and physician-operated (Doc-ALS) emergency medical service (EMS) systems. These environments represent the continuum of prehospital care in high income countr...

This paper presents a cross-national study of industrial marketing communications spending. The study compares the results of data collected from 55 European companies on 80 products with a sample of 131 products from 29 companies representing the ADVISOR 2 study sample in the U.S. Several key questions are addressed. First, we consider if the original ADVISOR results are specific to U.S. compa...

Building on an institutionalist framework of the various organizational field-level pressures on firms to engage with the challenge of corruption, we analyse anti-corruption disclosures across a sample of 933 sustainability reports. Such reporting complements anti-corruption initiatives, as it allows the company to demonstrate its commitment. Our results show clear countryand sector-level diffe...

OBJECTIVE To investigate international variations in smoking associated with educational level. DESIGN International comparison of national health, or similar, surveys. SUBJECTS Men and women aged 20 to 44 years and 45 to 74 years. SETTING 12 European countries, around 1990. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Relative differences (odds ratios) and absolute differences in the prevalence of ever smoki...

This paper examines episodes of banking sector distress for a large sample of developed and developing countries, highlighting the experience of Japan. By a host of criteria, Japan appeared to be in a stronger position than most countries at the onset of banking problems— low inflation, appreciating currency, balanced government budget, and large external surpluses. However, Japan followed a cl...

PURPOSE With the rapid international spread of interventions, there is a need to understand the economic implications of these changes and to interpret these economic implications on the international level. The purpose of this study is to systematically compare total health care expenditures on stroke, the costs of stroke per capita, and the distribution of stroke costs within different countr...

The paper examines the behavior of output and prices for 10 ditTerent countries within the context of a rational expectations model with wage contracts. The model predicts that there is a policy tradeoff between output stability and price stability, and the estimated correlations and dynamic interactions are generally consistent with the model. For each of the countries the model is fit to the ...

BACKGROUND Schizophrenia guidelines differ considerably in methodology and content. AIMS To systematically compare national schizophrenia guidelines from different countries. METHOD An international survey was conducted on guideline development and a methodological comparison was made using a validated guideline appraisal instrument (the Appraisal Guideline Research and Evaluation Europe). ...

The measurement of interspatial productivity differences (for example between countries), also called the comparison of productivity levels, is usually based on models that make use of strong assumptions such as competitive behaviour and constant returns to scale. This paper develops a blueprint for interspatial comparative productivity measurement. It will be shown that all the usual, neoclass...

“Bailing out” has recently become a standard expression in newspapers’ business sections all over the world. First, there was the financial sector, followed by the automotive industry until finally many large and middle-sized companies longed for public help. The survival of huge corporations or crucial financial institutions is of great interest in a crisis that has come close to a collapse of...