Armed conflicts and political violence around the globe are forcing increasing numbers to flee their homes and seek refuge in European countries and elsewhere. In this country recent legislation will change the way in which subsistence allowance and accommodation are to be provided, eroding asylum seekers’ former rights, including those intended by national and international law to safeguard th...

despite the history of criminalization of forced pregnancy as sexual violence, certainly the implicit knowledge of forced pregnancy in public sphere and apart from other acts of sexual violence was first created after atrocities took place in bosnia between 1992 and 1995 and in rwanda in 1994. however, explicit criminalization of forced pregnancy as crime against humanity and war crime has been...

This study aims to present evidence of censorship during World War II by the Independent State of Croatia of one of its public health officials, Dr. Stanko Sielski who was a physician trained in epidemiology and public health. During World War II, he directed the Institute for Combating Endemic Syphilis in the Bosnian town Banja Luka. The staff under his direction consisted solely of Jewish phy...

First, this essay aims at clarifying the meaning of the concept of world order. Order has often been perceived as some sort of government capability, but reference to its common sense meaning (the existence of an unity of measure) has been lost in the IRs literature. In this essay order has been defined as a government capability that has to be linked to some fixed values (the unities of measur...

Afghanistan is in the midst of a profound humanitarian crisis resulting primarily from long-standing armed conflict, a devastating drought, and massive population migration. The economy, government, and health care system are in shambles. Currently, as many as 5 million Afghans are in camps either as refugees in neighboring countries or as internally displaced persons within Afghanistan. Much o...

Climate-conflict research: some reflections on the way forward Report Title A decade of systematic research on climate change and armed conflict has revealed a number of interesting patterns but few results that are robust across studies. This essay takes stock of the quantitative empirical literature, identifies central limitations, and presents five priorities for future research in the field...

An increasing number of researchers and policymakers have been moved to study and intervene in the lives of children affected by violent conflicts (Masten, 2014). According to a United Nations Children's Fund (2009) report, over 1 billion children under the age of 18 are growing up in regions where acts of political violence and armed conflict are, as Ladds and Cairns (1996, p. 15) put it, "a c...

We estimate the impact of armed conflict on subsequent health outcomes using detailed geographic information on households’ distance from conflict sites—a more accurate measure of conflict exposure—and compare the impact on children exposed in utero versus after birth. The identification strategy relies on exogenous variation in the conflict’s geographic extent and timing and the exposure of di...