0. In ‘An Internalist Theory of Normative Grounds’ (2001), Robert Audi provides what his title promises. His account is characteristically nuanced and ecumenical; it therefore constitutes an excellent basis for an appraisal that is not merely ad hominem of one kind of internalism. With admirable generality, Audi treats the normative grounds for both belief and action. For simplicity, this paper...

I begin this commentary with an expanded typology of theories that endorse an internal morality of medicine. I then subject these theories to a philosophical critique. I argue that the more robust claims for an internal morality fail to establish a stand-alone method for bioethics because they ignore crucial non-medical values, violate norms of justice and fail to establish the normativity of m...

The realization in the last century that observed human behavior often deviates from the predictions of traditional axiomatic theories of rationality (henceforth “TATs”), e.g. [6],[8], has led to a revival of the philosophical problem of developing a credible philosophical theory of rationality. In particular, the concept of ecological rationality (“ECO”) has been developed as a competitor to T...

I argue that the debate concerning nature of first-person moral judgment, namely, whether such judgments are inherently motivating (internalism) or can be made in absence motivation (externalism), may founded on a faulty assumption: form distinct kind must have some shared, essential features regards to act. there is little reason suppose homogenous class this respect by considering an ordinary...

One of the foremost objections to theological voluntarism is contingency objection. If God’s will fixes moral facts, then what if God willed that agents engage in cruelty? I argue even unrestricted voluntarists should accept some logical constraints on possible systems—hence, limits ways could have morality be—and these are sufficient blunt force constraint defend a very weak accessibility requ...

This paper deals with basic and advanced principles and consequences of the informational in a philosophical, formalistic (symbolic), schematic, and graphical way. The central notion is informational entity as the operand and its interaction (operational property) with other entities and itself. Informational externalism, internalism, metaphysicalism, and phenomenalism are principles constituti...

Just how far can externalism go? In this exciting new book Ruth Millikan explores a radically externalist treatment of empirical concepts (Millikan 2000). For the last thirty years philosophy of mind’s ties to meaning internalism have been loosened. The theory of content has swung uncomfortably on its moorings in a fickle current, straining against opposing ties to mind and world. In this book ...

In this paper, I want to characterize Wittgenstein’s epistemology, namely his contextualism, presented in his notes published under the title On Certainty. This characterization will be made in terms of a comparison with four control points in order to put into light the peculiarities of Wittgenstein’s epistemological position. The markers I will use for that purpose will give an indication of ...

Recent work in cognitive science provides overwhelming evidence for a link between emotion and moral judgment. I review findings from psychology, cognitive neuroscience, and research on psychopathology and conclude that emotions are not merely correlated with moral judgments but they are also, in some sense, both necessary and sufficient. I then use these findings along with some anthropologica...