In this study, we found evidence that the interleukin-10 (IL-10) protein is functionally relevant in Mycobacterium bovis BCG-induced cytokine synthesis, as neutralization of endogenously synthesized IL-10 in human cells activated with BCG resulted in a two- to threefold increase in the level of IL-1 beta. When exogenous recombinant human IL-10 was added to human mononuclear cells, a significant...

In cultured vascular smooth muscle cells, the baseline mRNA and protein levels of an inducible type of nitric oxide synthase were barely detectable. Interferon gamma, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and interleukin-1 beta each markedly increased mRNA and protein levels of this enzyme in parallel with the production of nitrite, a stable oxidative metabolite of nitric oxide. Actinomycin D abolished ...

Post traumatic stress disorder, a special disease that also accompanies with histological changes such as inflammation. In this paper we decided to review the relation between PTSD and inflammation. Stressful events causes immune system dysfunction by suppressing natural killer cells and altering levels of cytokines. Also in this condition, cytotoxic T lymphocytes results in under strained pro-...

Lipoteichoic acid (LTA) from gram-positive bacteria can stimulate monocytes to produce cytokines. To ascertain whether aggregation of LTA receptors can contribute to this effect, human monocytes were sensitized with LTA from Streptococcus pyogenes, washed, and treated with anti-LTA antibodies. The addition of anti-LTA antibodies or F(ab')2 fragments markedly enhanced the aggregation of LTA rece...

In this study we have investigated total fiver RNA and the expression of mRNA in the rat fiver in vivo after a slow stimulation of interleukin-1. A total dose of 4 mug interleukin-1beta was administered via a subcutaneously implanted osmotic minipump over a period of 7 days. Plasma concentrations of alpha(2)-macroglobulin manifested a rapid increase, reaching a peak on day 2, while alpha(1)-inh...