UNLABELLED Members of the genus Parvovirus are small, nonenveloped single-stranded DNA viruses that are nonpathogenic in humans but have potential utility as cancer therapeutics. Because the innate immune response to parvoviruses has received relatively little attention, we compared the response to parvoviruses to that of several other types of viruses in human cells. In normal human glia, fibr...

Virus infection of mammalian cells induces the production of high levels of type I interferons (IFNα and β), cytokines that orchestrate antiviral innate and adaptive immunity. Previous studies have shown that only a fraction of the infected cells produce IFN. However, the mechanisms responsible for this stochastic expression are poorly understood. Here we report an in depth analysis of IFN-expr...

IFN-beta treatment is emerging as a potentially effective form of therapy in various immune-mediated conditions. The present review addresses the possible role of IFN-beta in immune-mediated diseases such as multiple sclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis. Several placebo-controlled trials are discussed, as are the available immunological data that are relevant to this field. Review of these data p...

hematoma caused by insulin injections. Clin Nucl Med 1990; 15: 539–541 2. Yoshida T, Harayama T, Kusunoki C et al. A case of type 2 diabetes mellitus with a giant subcutaneous hematoma caused by rough insulin injection. J Japan Diab Soc 2008; 51: 929–932 3. Kahara T, Kawara S, Shimizu A et al. Subcutaneous hematoma due to frequent insulin injections in a single site. Intern Med 2004; 43: 148–14...

The expression of interferon (IFN) β is highly induced in immune and nonimmune cells in response to virus infection. This upregulation is mediated at both transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels. Whereas the signaling pathways triggered by innate virus receptors leading to transcription factor activation have been extensively studied, the mechanisms by which IFN-β mRNA stability is postt...

A global outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) caused by a novel coronavirus began in March 2003. The rapid emergence of SARS and the substantial illness and death it caused have made it a critical public health issue. Because no effective treatments are available, an intensive effort is under way to identify and test promising antiviral drugs. Here, we report that recombinant hu...

We previously reported that cationic multilamellar liposome containing the human interferon-β (huIFN-β) gene (IAB-1) demonstrated significant cytotoxic effect in the NC65 human renal cell carcinoma (RCC) cell line. In this study, we investigated the molecular mechanisms of IAB-1-induced apoptosis and cytotoxicity in RCC cells. Remarkable in vitro cytotoxic and apoptosis-inducing effects of IAB-...

Infection of the endothelial cell lining of blood vessels with Rickettsia conorii, the causative agent of Mediterranean spotted fever, results in endothelial activation. We investigated the effects of R. conorii infection on the status of the Janus kinase (JAK)-signal transducer and activator of transcription protein (STAT) signaling pathway in human microvascular endothelial cells (HMECs), the...

Type I interferon (IFN-I) is critical for a host against viral and bacterial infections via induction of hundreds of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs), but the mechanism underlying the regulation of IFN-I remains largely unknown. In this study, we first demonstrate that ISG expression is required for optimal IFN-β levels, an effect that is further enhanced by endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress....

OBJECTIVE To better characterize the association between type I interferons and ischemic colitis (IC) in patients with the hepatitis C virus (HCV) and multiple sclerosis (MS), by analyzing reports submitted to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Adverse Event Reporting System (AERS) and the published literature. DATA SOURCES A total of 2,562,390 reports of adverse events between January 20...