* This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. 0433653. Abstract Although much research has focused on emerging understandings of representation and mind, very little research has explored the adult understanding of different representational systems. The current experiments demonstrate that adults differentiate intentional and nonintentional rep...

most contemporary clinical reasoning tests typically assess non-automatic thinking. therefore, a test is needed to measure automatic reasoning or pattern recognition, which has been largely neglected in clinical reasoning tests. the puzzle test (pt) is dedicated to assess automatic clinical reasoning in routine situations. this test has been introduced first in 2009 by monajemi et al in the oly...

Whether emotion is a source of moral judgments remains controversial. This study combined neurophysiological measures, including functional magnetic resonance imaging, eye-tracking, and pupillary response with behavioral measures assessing affective and moral judgments across age. One hundred and twenty-six participants aged between 4 and 37 years viewed scenarios depicting intentional versus a...

Previous studies have suggested that numerical processing relates to mathematical performance, but it seems that such relationship is more evident for intentional than for automatic numerical processing. In the present study we assessed the relationship between the two types of numerical processing and specific mathematical abilities in a sample of 109 children in grades 1-6. Participants were ...

In a variety of reasoning tasks, even ones for which CBR seems ideally suited, a stand-alone CBR component may not prove adequate. First, the data available in system construction may be too raw or noisy for direct processing and may require sophisticated reasoning before it is in a form suitable for CBR. Second, capacity demands and other run-time constraints may prohibit a straight CBR module...

By the development of Semantic Web, increasing demands for vague information representation have triggered a mass of theoretical and applied researches of fuzzy ontologies, whose main logical infrastructures are fuzzy description logics. However, current tableau algorithms can not supply complete reasoning support within fuzzy ontology: reasoning with general TBox is still a difficult problem i...

Qualitative spatial and temporal reasoning is based on socalled qualitative calculi. Algebraic properties of these calculi have several implications on reasoning algorithms. But what exactly is a qualitative calculus? And to which extent do the qualitative calculi proposed meet these demands? The literature provides various answers to the first question but only few facts about the second. In t...

This article explores how adolescents feel and think about contexts of moral conflict and social exclusion. We asked twelve-year-old adolescents how they would feel about intentionally harming another peer, omitting a prosocial duty, and excluding another peer. We then asked them to explain the reasoning behind their feelings and report on levels of sympathy. In all contexts, adolescents antici...

This work has been developed with the motivation of defining a formalism (OntoTimeFL) for annotating complex events in natural language texts and applying to the items annotated several types of axioms and rules for temporal reasoning. In part, OntoTimeFL is a conceptualization of TimeML formalism, where the basic concepts of annotation by an ontological form have been represented. In addition,...

This paper introduces a formalization of complex events. In particular, a formalism is presented to represent intentional and causal events in narrative contexts, and in their mechanisms of composition. Complex events have been defined through classes of a formal ontology that has been called the Ontology of Complex Events (OntoCE). This approach has allowed for the applications (reuse) of exis...