delivered safely. Perinatal death audits that evaluate both cause of death and potential for preventability are crucial to reduce preventable mortality. Finally, availability of sufficient staff and appropriate equipment to handle obstetric emergencies is crucial. Most important is the recognition that in order to reduce neonatal death and disability from intrapartum asphyxia, prevention and tr...

OBJECTIVE Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is a major cause of permanent neurological disabilities. Perinatal asphyxia may induce neonatal mortality after birth or neurological impairment among survivors. There are no reliable methods for identifying infants at risk for this disorder. METHODS We measured the ratio of lactate/creatinine (L/C) in urine by proton nuclear magnetic resonance ...

BACKGROUND Asphyxia is considered an important cause of morbidity and mortality in neonates. This condition can affect many vital organs including the central nervous system and may eventually lead to death or developmental disorders. OBJECTIVES Considering the high prevalence of asphyxia and its adverse consequences, the present study was conducted to evaluate the risk factors for birth asph...

according to commonly believed in imamiyeh' s fiqh, a murder commitment made in haram months would causes an increment in blood money to one third. the increment is called taghlize diyeh, increase of blood money. the increase includes all three kinds of murder commitments, namely intentional, quasi-intentional and unintentional ones, the very meaning written down in islamic puni-shment law...

Health care workers called upon to evaluate trauma in children must frequently decide if a given injury may have been intentionally inflicted. Some injuries are considered to be virtually diagnostic of abuse, but most are not at present readily associated with a particular type of intentional or nonintentional trauma. This study presents an example of how epidemiologically derived injury patter...