some point at which different societies and cultures make a judgement as to whether an individual is normal or abnormal. Those considered abnormal are variously labelled exceptional, different, disabled, or deviant. While all societies have faced the fact of individuals who differed physically, intellectually, or socially, how these differences have been addressed mirrors the vibrant and shifti...

This essay describes the setting up of early intervention services in Vietnam. From the outset, there was a focus on developing staff training programmes alongside establishing model early intervention programmes to ensure that the work would be sustained at the end of the project funding and spread throughout the country. The success of this work has now led to the government of Vietnam wantin...

Learning disabled children have been reported to be deficient in attention and memory performance, especially selective attention in the presence of irrelevant information. But this finding has not al-

INTRODUCTION Early intervention implies a model of support focused on a child, family and a broader community from early childhood. The aim of this study was to analyze the elements of the successful early intervention in childhood, as well as to assess the role of a special educator and rehabilitator and level of their involvement in implementing the program on the territory of Novi Sad. MAT...

Pony riding can give a new dimension to the life of a handicapped child.

Over the past thirty years, Problem Solving Therapy (PST) has been shown to be an effective treatment for many different problems and patient populations (Nezu, 2004). Among its many clinical applications, PST interventions were developed for persons with intellectually disabilities (ID), where improving problem-solving skills led to adaptive behavioral improvements (Nezu, Nezu, & Arean 1991). ...

Objectives: This study aimed to determine the efficacy of therapeutic use play on improving attention span children with Mild Intellectual Disability (MID) in elementary school. Methods: was a quasi-experimental pre-test-post-test control group so that 30 girls MID were selected from an exceptional school Tehran City, Iran, via convenience sampling method and assigned experimental groups. The a...