Timely availability of expert support to the farmers for appropriate decision-making on ‘whether and what pest management option is required’ is imperative for effective Integrated Pest Management (IPM). For several decades Economic Threshold Level (ETL) has been the basis for decision-making but in modern IPM emphasis is given on agro-ecological situation wherein IPM decisions are based on lar...

A key component of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) in agricultural systems is ®eld monitoring for pests prior to reaching a management decision. The study objective was to quantify a common design constraint of commercial IPM sampling programs: the trade-o€ between sampling time and accuracy of the resulting pest management decision. Using consperse stink bug (Euschistus conspersus Uhler) in p...