Digital Zenith Camera Systems (DZCS) are dedicated astronomical-geodetic measurement systems for the observation of the direction of the plumb line. A DZCS key component is a pair of tilt meters for the determination of the instrumental tilt with respect to the plumb line. Highest accuracy (i.e., 0.1 arc-seconds or better) is achieved in practice through observation with precision tilt meters i...

The analysis of the density of papermaking mould screen imprints is instrumental in dating, localizing and classifying papers. By dividing digital reproductions of paper structures into spots, the AD751 software offers a precise measurement tool with rich statistical possibilities, both quantitative and qualitative. AD751 is based on the Fourier transform. The technique of locating the frequenc...

We describe how we can precisely measure variations in the entropy S of small solid samples below room temperature, as a function the temperature T or the external magnetic field H, respectively. A simple differential-thermal analysis technique allows, in principle, for the measurement of variations in S without any instrumental broadening of the data. The method is particularly well suited for...

A quantitative measure is proposed to evaluate and optimize the design of quantitative atomic resolution TEM experiments. It aims at precise measurement of unknown structure parameters. Specifically, the proposed measure quantifies the statistical precision with which positions of atom columns can be estimated. The optimal design is then given by the combination of microscope settings for which...

Understanding the role of health information in food and nutrient demand has become an important issue over the last decade. Endogeneity and measurement error are two empirical problems that are inherent in this type of analysis. While some type of instrumental variables estimation would appear the obvious solution, this paper provides several theoretical and empirical reasons why this is not t...

Instrumental-variable (IV) methods were invented over 70 years ago, but remain uncommon in epidemiology. Over the past decade or so, non-parametric versions of IV methods have appeared that connect IV methods to causal and measurement-error models important in epidemiological applications. This paper provides an introduction to those developments, illustrated by an application of IV methods to ...

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