BACKGROUND Many low-and middle-income countries (LMIC) of the World Health Organization (WHO) European Region have introduced social health insurance payroll taxes after the political transition in the late 1980s, combined with budget transfers to allow for exempting specific population groups from paying contributions, such as those outside formal sector work and in particular vulnerable group...

For many years, reviewers have argued that organizational communication research is overly concentrated on microphenomena to the neglect of macrophenomena, but macrophenomena have generally remained unspecified. An institutional theory of organizational communication is proposed to fill that gap. Drawing on institutional theory in organizational sociology and on concerns in organizational commu...

Both Keynesians and modern institutional economists are critical of the “classical economists”. In being so, they employ similar micro foundations of the business behavior (the “institutional arrangements”) of individuals. Yet in contrast to Keynesians, the representatives of modern institutional economics incorporate the institutional framework into their analysis: For them, the linkage betwee...

This paper constructs a quantitative lifecycle model with uninsurable labor income and aggregate housing return risk to assess how Korean households make saving and portfolio allocation decisions. The model incorporates the special roles housing plays in the portfolio of households: collateral, a source of service flows, as well as a source of potential capital gains or losses. In the model, a ...

Institutional arrangements used to steer public policies have increasingly become layered. Inspired by the literature on institutional layering and institutional work, this paper aims to make a contribution to our understanding of institutional layering. We do so by studying an interesting case of layering: the Dutch hospital sector. We focus on the actors responsible for the internal governanc...

This paper considers the key instrumental components of intergovernmental fiscal relations in the Russian Federation – expenditures, revenues, transfers, borrowing, and institutional arrangements – in comparison both to Canada’s lengthy experience with federalism and to a framework developed on the basis of previous work on fiscal federalism in a variety of transitional and developing countries. .

Without denying the importance of asymmetric information, this article purports the view that credit rationing may also originate from a lender’s inability to classify loan applications into proper risk categories. Although particularly prominent when novel technologies or novel institutional arrangements arise, lack of appropriate categories may affect any request of money lending, making cred...

Dixon et al. suggest that the psychological literature on intergroup relations should shift from theorizing "prejudice reduction" to "social change." A focus on social change exposes the importance of psychological theories involving collective phenomena like social norms and institutions. Individuals' attitudes and emotions may follow, rather than cause, changes in social norms and institution...

Worldwide, children without permanent parents often enter alternative care arrangements (e.g., adoption, foster care, institutional care, or reunification with the birth family following alternative care), and many advocate placing such children in family-type care arrangements over institutions. The published literature on existing care alternatives suggests that adoptive families provide the ...

Human institutions--ways of organizing activities--affect the resilience of the environment. Locally evolved institutional arrangements governed by stable communities and buffered from outside forces have sustained resources successfully for centuries, although they often fail when rapid change occurs. Ideal conditions for governance are increasingly rare. Critical problems, such as transbounda...