It has been believed that the mathematical inseparability of the quantum theoretical representation is an essential part of nature, not a mere accident of the formalism[1]. However, the attempts to realize superluminal signaling over the last twenty years by means of EPR pairs has not been successful because one cannot clone a single particle in an unknown state sufficiently well [2]. Now let u...

In his forthcoming article, Originalism: Standard and Procedure, Stephen Sachs describes an unending debate between advocates of originalism their critics. Originalists argue that certain historic facts play a role in determining the meaning constitutional provisions. Critics respond making determinations about these is difficult, if not impossible for judges, attorneys, general public. seeks t...

Entangled states have been known almost from the very beginning of quantum mechanics @1,2#, and their somewhat unusual features have been investigated for many years. However, recent developments in the theory of quantum information @3# have required a deeper knowledge of their properties. The simplest system where one can study entanglement is represented by a bipartite system. In such a syste...

Detecting, much less understanding, the difference between two description logic based ontologies is challenging for ontology engineers due, in part, to the possibility of complex, non-local logic effects of axiom changes. It is often quite difficult to even determine which terms have had their meaning altered by a change. To address this, various principled notions of “semantic diff” (based on...

The distribution of entanglement with Gaussian statistic can be used to generate a mathematically proven secure key for quantum cryptography. The distributed secret key rate is limited by the entanglement strength, the entanglement bandwidth, and the bandwidth of the photoelectric detectors. The development of a source for strongly bipartite entangled light with high bandwidth promises an incre...

We investigate the problem whether two ALC knowledge bases are indistinguishable by queries over a given vocabulary. We give model-theoretic criteria and prove that this problem is undecidable for conjunctive queries (CQs) but decidable in 2EXPTIME for unions of rooted CQs. We also consider the problem whether two ALC TBoxes give the same answers to any query in a given vocabulary over all ABox...

1 Introduction The distribution of schwa is similar across most Northern Berber languages. The general pattern in all cases can be seen as the result of two restrictions on the surface forms of the language: one demanding that all consonants be adjacent to a vowel (or, more or less equivalently, that all consonants belong to a maximally CVC syllable), the other demanding that schwa not occur in...

The narrative process of re-authoring identities requires moving beyond simply telling and retelling stories to an active deconstruction of oppressive and unhelpful discourses. Unpacking unhelpful stories and creating alternative preferred stories involves recognizing the relationship between knowledge and power, as knowledge and power are joined through discourse (Foucault, 1980a). The postmod...

We studied animal's learning of spatial discrimination in an experimental environment. Turtles, Chinemys reevesii, were employed for the study. We focused on two independent aspects: (1) turtle's success rate in the task, which is the most common criterion to estimate the ability of the animals, and (2) the statistical properties of the time interval of the task, which is independent on the spa...