Abstract Applications of efficiency and productivity analysis in which some inputs outputs are given the form percentages, averages other types ratio measures sufficiently common literature. In two recent papers, authors developed variable constant returns-to-scale technologies with both volume outputs, referred to as R-VRS R-CRS technologies. These generally nonconvex have a complex structure....

For Finite State Machines (FSMs) a rich testing theory has been developed to discover aspects of their behavior and ensure correct functioning. Although this frequently used, e.g. check conformance protocol implementations, its applicability is limited by restrictions FSMs, in which inputs outputs alternate, are determined the previous input state. Labeled Transition Systems with (LTSs), as stu...

This paper addresses refinement and testing based on CSP models, when we distinguish input and output events. From a testing perspective, there is an asymmetry: the tester (or the environment) controls the inputs, and the system under test controls the outputs. The standard models and refinement relations of CSP are, therefore, not entirely suitable for testing. Here, we adapt the CSP stable-fa...

Monotone systems constitute one of the most important classes of dynamical systems used in mathematical biology modeling. The objective of this paper is to extend the notion of monotonicity to systems with inputs and outputs, a necessary first step in trying to understand interconnections, especially including feedback loops, built up out of monotone components. Basic definitions and theorems a...

This paper studies testing based on labelled transition systems , using the assumption that implementations communicate with their environment via inputs and outputs. Such implementations are formalized by restricting the class of transition systems to those systems that can always accept input actions, as in input/output automata. Implementation relations, formalizing the notion of conformance...

Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is a nonparametric approach for measuring the relative efficiency of a decision making units consists of multiple inputs and outputs. In all standard DEA models semi positive real valued measures are assumed, while in some real cases inputs and outputs may take complex valued. The question is related to measuring efficiency in such cases. As far as we are aware, ...

Most of the research in online learning is focused either on the problem of adversarial classification (i.e., both inputs and labels are arbitrarily chosen by an adversary) or on the traditional supervised learning problem in which samples are independent and identically distributed according to a stationary probability distribution. Nonetheless, in a number of domains the relationship between ...

This paper proposes a new method based on the ideal input vector to estimate inputs of a given decision making unit (DMU) when some or all of its outputs are increased to maintain its current efficiency level. In other words, this paper studied the following question: How much would be the increase in the inputs of the DMU if the decision maker increases certain outputs to a particular unit in ...