stack: as ∈ Exp∗ Table 5.1 on the preceding page defines the function BC2IRinstr which takes a bytecode address, a bytecode instruction and an abstract input stack, and produces an IR instruction and an abstract output stack. The function reconstructs the high-level expressions from operand-stack manipulating bytecode instructions. The bytecode instructions store x, putf f , newC , and callm ar...

The principles of instance based function learning are presented. In IBFL one is given a set of positive examples of a functional predicate. These examples are true ground facts that illustrate the input output behaviour of the predicate. The purpose is then to predict the output of the predicate given a new input. Further assumptions are that there is no background theory and that the inputs a...

In a hospital, doctors and nurses shares roles in treating admitted patients. Communication between them is necessary and communication errors become the problem in medical safety. In Japan, verbal instruction is prohibited and doctors write their instruction on paper instruction slips. However, because it is difficult to ascertain revision history and the active instructions on instruction sli...

Abstract This study explores the effects of instruction on acquisition motion event construal among learners English as a second language. The challenge for with Verb-framed first languages is that they need to ‘unlearn’ boundary-crossing constraint and conflate manner in main verb, she ran into bank , however, there little research how this domain can be taught. We evaluate performance story-t...

Systematic phonics instruction in first language education has recently received considerable research attention due to its critical role in facilitating phonological awareness and processing skills. However, little is known about the effects of systematic phonics instruction on foreign language reading and spelling in an EFL context. This study examined the effects of spelling-based phonics in...

the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of call/web-based instruction on improving efl learners’ pronunciation ability. to this end, 85 students who were enrolled in a language institute in rasht were selected as subjects. these students were given the oxford placement test in order to validate their proficiency levels. they were then divided into two groups of 30 and were rando...

In this paper, we present a conceptual design of a novel gesture-based instruction/input device using wave detection. The device recogonizes/detects gestures from a person and based on which gives the specific orders/inputs to the computing machine that is connected to it. The gestures are modeled as the shapes of some impenetrable or penetrable scatterers from a certain admissible class, calle...

This paper presents an experiment concerning the relative effectiveness of computer assisted comprehension practice and production practice in the acquisition of a second language. Two computer programs were developed: (a) an input-focused program providing students with explicit grammatical instruction and comprehension exercises and (b) an output-focused program providing the same grammatical...