Establishment of arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis in plant roots can affect plant physiological and morphological characteristics and may induce tolerance to heavy metals in plants grown in polluted soils; therefore, it can play an important role in phytoremediation. In present study, to investigate the effect of mycorrhizae on alfalfa growth and Pb uptake, a factorial experiment was designed w...

To date, there have been no reports of Dalmatian toadflax serving as a host for cucumber mosaic virus (CMV). Infestations of Dalmatian toadflax may serve as a reservoir of CMV, thereby facilitating aphid transmission of CMV to both agricultural crops and native plants. The goal of this study was to determine whether Dalmatian toadflax is a host for CMV. Dalmatian toadflax seedlings were randoml...

Drought is one of the major constraints limiting agricultural production worldwide and is expected to increase in the future. Limited water availability causes significant effects to plant growth and physiology. Plants have evolved different traits to mitigate the stress imposed by drought. The presence of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) could play an important role in improving pla...

Seedlings of Corchorus capsularis (cv. C4444) were inoculated with Meloidogyne incognita, Hoplolaimus indicus, and a fungus pathogen of jute, Macrophomina phaseoli, separately and in all possible combinations. The significant damage of jute plants caused individually by the pathogens was aggravated when the fungus was associated with either of the nematode species. M. incognita alone caused gre...

a factorial experiment based on completely randomized design with three replications was carried out in order to study the effect of different strains of mesorhizobium ciceri on chickpea tolerance under drought stress. in the first step of experiment, five native cultivars of chickpea (bivanij, arman, greet, jam and hashem) were inoculated with eight native (c-15, c-22, swri7, swri9 and swri4) ...

A full-length DNA copy of cymbidium ringspot virus RNA was cloned downstream of a phage T7 promoter. In vitro transcripts had no extra nucleotides at the 3' terminus, and a 5' end likely to be precisely as in genomic RNA. Transcripts were infective when inoculated into test plants. Northern blots from inoculated plants revealed the presence of genomic and subgenomic RNAs, but not of satellite R...

Strawberry anthracnose, caused by Colletotrichum acutatum J.H. Simmonds, is one of the most important diseases of this crop in Huelva (southwestern Spain). Lesions can occur on all parts of the plant but anthracnose crown rot is specially severe leading to wilt and death of plants. In this work, the infection and colonization process of C. acutatum on strawberry plants was studied. ‘Camarosa’ s...

In this study, it has been determined whether the arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis is able to alter the pattern of dehydrin (LEA D-11 group) transcript accumulation under drought stress, and whether such a possible alteration functions in the protection of the host plants against drought. Two dehydrin-encoding genes have been cloned from Glycine max (gmlea 8 and gmlea 10) and one from Lact...

Soil salinity restricts plant growth and productivity. Na(+) represents the major ion causing toxicity because it competes with K(+) for binding sites at the plasma membrane. Inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can alleviate salt stress in the host plant through several mechanisms. These may include ion selection during the fungal uptake of nutrients from the soil or during tran...